Sustainability-focused crypto protocols design methodology for sensors and IoT with the deployment of LLMs

Trček, Denis (avtor)

Among the key computing challenges today are green computing and quantum computing, with the quantum paradigm introducing adverse consequences for many existing cryptographic protocols. However, the entire internet critically depends on these protocols. Therefore, building on theoretical preliminaries, this paper derives a coherent methodological basis for designing and developing quantum-computing-resistant and sustainable protocols for sensors and the Internet of Things (IoT) by extending traditional approaches and including large language models (LLMs). In line with these premises, this paper focuses on authenticated key exchange (AKE), which is one key security service. To support ever-growing needs under the described conditions and using the developed methodology (called the Sustainability-focused LLM-supported crypto protocols development process, SFLSCDP), this paper presents a novel, formally verified AKE protocol family. This family of protocols can be considered ultra-lightweight, as a corresponding metric is also given. Consequently, additional effective means for security services in the post-quantum computing era are provided, even for computationally weak devices.

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Ključne besede: sensors, Internet of Things, IoT, cryptographic protocols, quantum computing, authentication, key exchange, formal methods, large language models, security, privacy
• Vrsta gradiva: Članek v reviji
• Tipologija: 1.01 - Izvirni znanstveni članek
• Organizacija: FRI - Fakulteta za računalništvo in informatiko
• Status publikacije: Objavljeno
• Različica publikacije: Objavljena publikacija
• Leto izida: 2026
• Št. strani: 19 str.
• Številčenje: Vol. 26, iss. 15, art. 4930
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-186057
• UDK: 004.056.55:004.738.5
• ISSN pri članku: 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s26154930
• COBISS.SI-ID: 288293891
• Datum objave v RUL: 26.08.2026

Gradivo je del revije

• Naslov: Sensors
• Skrajšan naslov: Sensors
• Založnik: MDPI
• ISSN: 1424-8220
• COBISS.SI-ID: 10176278

Licence

• Licenca: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva 4.0 Mednarodna
• Povezava: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.sl
• Opis: To je standardna licenca Creative Commons, ki daje uporabnikom največ možnosti za nadaljnjo uporabo dela, pri čemer morajo navesti avtorja.

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: senzorji, internet stvari, kriptografski protokoli, kvantno računalništvo, overjanje prisotnosti, izmenjava ključev, formalne metode, veliki jezikovni modeli, varnost, zasebnost

Projekti

• Financer: ARIS - Javna agencija za znanstvenoraziskovalno in inovacijsko dejavnost Republike Slovenije
• Številka projekta: P2-0359-2018
• Naslov: Vseprisotno računalništvo