20.500.12556/RUL-186057 Sustainability-focused crypto protocols design methodology for sensors and IoT with the deployment of LLMs Among the key computing challenges today are green computing and quantum computing, with the quantum paradigm introducing adverse consequences for many existing cryptographic protocols. However, the entire internet critically depends on these protocols. Therefore, building on theoretical preliminaries, this paper derives a coherent methodological basis for designing and developing quantum-computing-resistant and sustainable protocols for sensors and the Internet of Things (IoT) by extending traditional approaches and including large language models (LLMs). In line with these premises, this paper focuses on authenticated key exchange (AKE), which is one key security service. To support ever-growing needs under the described conditions and using the developed methodology (called the Sustainability-focused LLM-supported crypto protocols development process, SFLSCDP), this paper presents a novel, formally verified AKE protocol family. This family of protocols can be considered ultra-lightweight, as a corresponding metric is also given. Consequently, additional effective means for security services in the post-quantum computing era are provided, even for computationally weak devices. sensors Internet of Things IoT cryptographic protocols quantum computing authentication key exchange formal methods large language models security privacy senzorji internet stvari kriptografski protokoli kvantno računalništvo overjanje prisotnosti izmenjava ključev formalne metode veliki jezikovni modeli varnost zasebnost true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2026-08-26 10:38:46 2026-08-26 10:38:49 2026-08-27 04:35:51 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 19 str. iss. 15, art. 4930 Vol. 26 Aug. 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 004.056.55:004.738.5 1424-8220 10.3390/s26154930 288293891 RAZ_Trcek_Denis_2026.pdf RAZ_Trcek_Denis_2026.pdf 1 7A5D35B14A22F709E2FBC4953D1C5BCF a3f14cf7fd77d3c4e703780712ef76f5b02341e97cea969a45281b7c74478d25 8f873130-a129-11f1-9b0d-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=245112 https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/26/15/4930 1 26ef47af-a129-11f1-9b0d-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=245110 Fakulteta za računalništvo in informatiko 0 0 0