This thesis analyzes and compares modern propulsion systems on towing vessels to determine which configuration offers the best balance between bollard pull and operational economics in modern ports. Azimuth Stern Drives (ASD), Voith-Schneider Propellers (VSP), and Controllable Pitch Propellers (CPP) are investigated in detail. Hydrodynamic analysis indicates that ASD systems equipped with Kort nozzles achieve the highest specific thrust and maximum static bollard pull. VSP systems prove superior in maneuverability, while CPP systems are better suited for long transits. Due to the specific operational profiles of tugboats, which spend significant time on standby, conventional diesel propulsion operates inefficiently. Therefore, the thesis presents the advantages of hybrid propulsion configurations with battery packs. Life-cycle cost analysis reveals that hybrid systems significantly reduce operational expenditures and fuel consumption. The study concludes that hybrid ASD systems represent the technologically and economically optimal solution for modern ports.
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