Genetic transformation of plants is currently one of the most important methods in plant biotechnology, that has improved the development of favorable traits of numerous agriculturally important plants. Despite many advances of this technique, it remains highly inefficient or even impossible for certain species and their genotypes. The success of transformation, besides the effective stable integration of the desired DNA, is largely dependent on the ability of callus tissues to regenerate into functional plants. Due to the complexity of regulating somatic embryogenesis and de novo organogenesis with hormones, in vitro regeneration of plants does not allow for the efficient development of adult plants. Research of these systems has identified key genes that regulate these processes and promote regeneration. These genes were termed as developmental regulators and are a broad group of signaling molecules that control the differentiation and dedifferentiation of plant tissues, their growth, and their response to abiotic and biotic factors. Currently, the most researched effect is the genetic transformation with these genes such as GRF (Growth regulating factor), BBM (BABY BOOM), and WUS (Wuschel), which have been shown to improve the regenerative capacity of callus tissue and consequently the success of transformation.
|
