The purpose of the thesis was to examine the physiological responses of horses to physical exertion and to analyse the influence of various factors such as intensity, workload duration, breed characteristics, age, sex and fitness level. Cardiovascular, respiratory, hormonal and immune parameters were monitored. The results show that heart rate and respiratory rate gradually increase with exercise intensity, with recovery having a strong impact on the rate of return to baseline. The hormonal response is manifested primarily in an increase in the concentration of cortisol and catecholamines, which enable efficient mobilization of energy sources, but at the same time temporarily reduce the immune response. At different load levels, differences in thermoregulation are manifested, since environmental factors such as temperature and humidity have a significant influence on physiological indicators. The differences between the breeds are pronounced. Warm blooded horses have a higher aerobic oxygen consumption capacity than cold blooded horses. Well-conditioned horses have a lower resting heart rate and a more efficient metabolism than unconditioned horses. It can be concluded that understanding the physiological responses to exertion enables more efficient training planning, shorter regeneration time and reduces the risk of injury and disease.
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