Odgovornost zakoncev za dolgove v primeru prenehanja zakonske zveze

Košir, Maruša (avtor), Novak, Barbara (mentor)

Pri odgovornosti zakoncev za dolgove je ključno razlikovanje med skupnimi in posebnimi obveznostmi. Skupne obveznosti so obveznosti, ki po splošnih pravilih obremenjujejo oba zakonca, obveznosti nastale v zvezi s skupnim premoženjem ter obveznosti, ki jih prevzame zakonec za tekoče potrebe družine. Zanje odgovarjata zakonca solidarno. Posebne obveznosti zakonca predstavljajo tiste obveznosti, ki jih zakonec prevzame pred sklenitvijo zakonske zveze ali po njeni sklenitvi in ne predstavljajo skupne obveznosti. Zanje odgovarja zakonec s svojim posebnim premoženjem ter svojim deležem na skupnem premoženju. Osebni stečaj zakonca je institut, ki pomembno vpliva ne le na zakonca, ki je subjekt postopka, temveč tudi na njegovega partnerja in upnike. Družinski zakonik ureja primere, ko je delež zakonca, ki je v osebnem stečaju na skupnem premoženju večji, manjši ali enak polovici. Če sta zakonca skupaj udeležena v pridobitni dejavnosti, ima ključno vlogo izbira premoženjskega režima. V primeru sklenitve pogodbe o ureditvi premoženjskih razmerij teorija dopušča možnost, da zakonca izključita odgovornost zakonca, ki ni podjetnik, za obveznosti, ki izvirajo iz poslovanja podjetja. Takšna pogodba omogoča omejitev tveganja odgovornosti zakonca, ki ni neposredno vključen v poslovanje. Hrvaška razlikuje med skupnimi in individualnimi obveznostmi. Skupne obveznosti so tiste, ki so povezane s tekočimi življenjskimi potrebami zakonske ali družinske skupnosti, individualne pa tiste, ki se ne nanašajo na skupne potrebe. Nemčija ločuje med režimom povečanega premoženja ter med režimom ločenega in skupnega premoženja. Temeljno načelo predstavlja individualna odgovornost za svoje obveznosti, za obveznosti, povezane s skupnimi življenjskimi potrebami, pa zakonca odgovarjata solidarno. Švedski pravni sistem temelji na individualni odgovornosti in načelu ločenega premoženja med trajanjem zakonske zveze. Zakonec je obravnavan kot samostojna pravna in ekonomska oseba, kar pomeni, da za svoje dolgove odgovarja samostojno. Skupna odgovornost nastopi le v primeru, ko zakonca izrecno skupaj prevzameta določeno obveznost.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: odgovornost zakoncev, skupne obveznosti, posebne obveznosti, solidarna odgovornost, delitev premoženja, stečaj, podjetniško premoženje, pogodba o ureditvi premoženjskih razmerij, primerjalnopravna ureditev
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: PF - Pravna fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-173176
• COBISS.SI-ID: 249504003
• Datum objave v RUL: 13.09.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Spouses' liability for debts in the event of termination of marriage

Izvleček

In matters of spousal liability for debts, the key distinction lies between joind and individual obligations. Joint obligations include those that, under general rules, burden both spouses, obligations incurred in connection with joint property, and obligations undertaken by one spouse to meet the daily need of the family. For such obligations, both spouses are jointly and severally liable. Individual obligations, on the other hand, are those incurred by one spouse either before the conclusion of the marriage or after its conclusion, provided they do not constitute joint obligations. For these, the spouses are liable with their separate property and with their share in the joint property. Personal bankruptcy of a spouse is an institute that significantly affects not only the spouse who is subject to the procedure but also their partner and creditors. The Family Code governs situations where the share of the bankrupt spouse in the common property is greater than, less than, or equal to one half. If both spouses are engaged in an economic activity together, the choice of marital property regime becomes essential. In case of a marital property agreement, legal theory allows spouses to exclude the liability of the non-business spouse for obligations arising from the operation of the business. Such an agreement is thus an instrument to limit the liability risk of the spouse who is not directly involved in the business activity. Croatia distinguishes between joint and individual obligations. Joint obligations are those related to the everyday needs of the marital or family household, while individual obligations are those that are not connected to such shared needs. Germany differentiates between the regime of accrued gains, the regime of separate property, and the regime of joint property. The fundamental principle is individual responsibility for one's own obligations, while for obligations related to everyday family needs, both spouses are jointly liable. The Swedish legal system is based on individual responsibility and the principle of separate property during the course of the marriage. A spouse is considered legally independent person, meaning they are solely liable for their own debts. Joint liability arises only when both spouses explicitly undertake an obligation together.

• Ključne besede: spousal liability, joint obligations, individual obligations, joint and several liability, property division, bankruptcy, business property, marital property agreement, comparative legal framework