Plant-based bioproduction represents a rapidly developing field of biotechnology that utilizes plants as platforms for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and industrial products. Traditionally important as a source of natural medicines, plants are now increasingly recognized as a sustainable, safe, and cost-effective alternative to conventional production systems such as bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cell lines. The main advantages of plant-based systems include the ability to perform eukaryotic post-translational modifications, low risk of pathogen contamination, and easy scalability for large-scale production. Despite numerous advantages, the technology faces technical, regulatory, and societal challenges, including low concentrations of active compounds, complex process standardization, and public perception of genetically modified plants. Future progress will depend on further research into genetic tools, the development of stable plant cell cultures, and the integration of digital technologies into production processes. Plant-based bioproduction is therefore no longer just a promising option but is becoming an increasingly established component of modern biomanufacturing, contributing to sustainable development, improved global access to medicines, and reduced environmental impact.
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