The armed forces of Japan, Slovenia, and the United States, despite their different systems and cultural contexts, face similar challenges: a decline in interest in the military profession, a demographic shrinking of the recruitment pool, and a mismatch between the expectations of younger generations and current employment systems. Drawing on the motivational theories of Maslow, Herzberg, and Vroom, a comparative analysis of recruitment trends was prepared, with the concluding section offering some insights and recommendations. The biggest challenges in the analysed countries are the demographics of the country, changing values and the public's perception of the military. The challenges mentioned are not only trends in the analysed countries, but also trends observed in armies all over the world. This is why armed forces will have to take the necessary steps further to improve the personnel outlook by addressing the factors that are within their control, such as recruitment and promotion processes, work-process reorganisation, offering opportunities for additional training and reconsideration of certain employment restrictions. More attention will need to be given to the modernisation of human resource policies, increasing job and contract flexibility, improving working conditions, and more effective engagement with young people.
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