In this thesis, we investigated the therapeutic potential of various cell types in the
regeneration of bone injuries and diseases. We focused on the types of cells used, their
mechanisms of action, and the methods of application. The aim of the thesis was to
provide a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic potential of different cellular
sources, including mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, embryonic
stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells and periosteal cells. We found that mesenchymal
stem cells have the widest clinical application due to their ability to differentiate into
osteoblasts, their immunomodulatory effects, and low immunogenicity. We also
compared cell delivery methods and found that the use of carrier materials (such as
scaffolds and hydrogels) proved more effective than injectable application, as it allows
for better cell retention and enhanced regeneration. In addition, we highlighted the
importance of bioactive molecules such as growth factors and extracellular vesicles,
which enable cell-free therapeutic approaches. We conclude that cell-based therapies
represent a promising complement to conventional treatment methods, especially in
complex injuries where traditional approaches often fall short. Successful clinical
implementation will require further research, standardization, and long-term safety
studies.
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