Transposons, mobile genetic elements, have influenced the direction of genetic research due to their inherent ability for autonomous genome integration. This thesis explores aspects of transposon utilization in biotechnology, primarily focusing on functional genomics and next-generation sequencing (NGS) applications. Methods like transposon tagging for generating and studying mutations are presented, encompassing targeted and random gene tagging, alongside techniques such as enhancer traps and saturation mutagenesis. The work also highlights the application of the Tn5 transposase system for NGS library preparation, where it has simplified and accelerated the preparation of libraries for sequencing. This efficient DNA fragmentation and simultaneous adapter ligation are not merely technical improvements; they have enabled the development of advanced methods of determining nucleotide sequences like ATAC-seq for chromatin accessibility and ACT-seq for epigenomic mapping. The practical part of this thesis involved a bioinformatic analysis of the common hop (Humulus lupulus) reference genome using the EDTA pipeline. Results revealed that transposons constitute an exceptional 84,40% of the hop genome's total, confirming their pivotal role in shaping plant genome size.
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