Introduction: Sexual violence represents a serious public health issue that leaves long-term physical, psychological, reproductive and social consequences for the affected women. During gynecological examinations, women with a history of sexual abuse may experience flashbacks or emotional retraumatization, which can lead to avoidance of such care. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore how can nurses help prevent retraumatization during gynecological examinations of women with a history of sexual abuse and to identify the most effective strategies for inquiring about and recognizing such history. Methods: A descriptive research method was used. We conducted a review of international scientific literature focusing on appropriate nursing approaches to identifying a history of sexual violence in women, and on strategies to prevent retraumatization during gynecological care. The literature, published between 2014 and 2024, was retrieved from databases including CINAHL Ultimate, Academic Search Complete, ERIC, MEDLINE and SocINDEX with Full Text. Keywords included sexual violence, sexual abuse, trauma-informed approach, gynecological care, reproductive health, women and nurse. Inclusion criteria comprised open-access content, female population and topic relevance. A PRISMA flow diagram was used to illustrate the article selection process. Results: Findings indicated that in caring for women with a history of sexual abuse, it is essential to establish a trusting relationship, demonstrate respect, promote autonomy, empower patients and openly discuss the history of sexual violence. Providing accurate information to support informed decision-making, considering individual preferences and needs, ensuring sensitive and clear communication before and during the examination are also key. It was deemed necessary to routinely inquire about any history of abuse prior to the examination. Individualized care is essential for each patient. Additionally, proper education of healthcare professionals and interdisciplinary collaboration are vital. Discussion and conclusion: Nurses play a crucial role in providing comprehensive, sensitive and respectful care to women with a history of sexual abuse during gynecological examinations. Their approach can significantly reduce fear and the risk of retraumatization, enhance feelings of safety and comfort, also improve women's long-term engagement with preventive healthcare.
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