20.500.12556/RUL-171216 Pristopi zdravstvene nege pri ginekološkem pregledu spolno zlorabljenih žensk diplomsko delo Nursing approaches in gynecological examinations of sexually abused women diploma work Uvod: Spolno nasilje predstavlja resen javnozdravstveni problem, ki pušča dolgotrajne telesne, duševne, reproduktivne in socialne posledice za ženske, ki ga doživijo. Med ginekološkim pregledom se lahko pojavi podoživljanje občutkov ali prebliski spolne zlorabe, kar posledično vodi v razvoj odpora do opravljanja ginekoloških pregledov. Namen: Želeli smo raziskati, kako medicinske sestre s svojim pristopom lahko preprečijo podoživljanje travme med ginekološkim pregledom pri ženskah z anamnezo spolnega nasilja ter katere strategije so najbolj učinkovite pri spraševanju in prepoznavanju takšne anamneze. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela s pregledom tuje znanstvene literature o ustreznih pristopih medicinskih sester pri prepoznavanju anamneze spolnega nasilja pri ženskah in o strategijah preprečevanja podoživljanja travme spolnega nasilja med ginekološkim pregledom. Pregledana literatura je bila objavljena med letoma 2014 in 2024 ter iskana po bibliografskih zbirkah CINAHL Ultimate, Academic Search Complete, ERIC, MEDLINE in SocINDEX with Full Text. Ključne besede so vsebovale naslednje izraze: spolno nasilje, spolna zloraba, travmo upoštevajoč pristop, ginekološka oskrba, reproduktivno zdravje, ženska, medicinska sestra. Vključevalni kriteriji so bili prosto dostopna vsebina, ženska populacija in relevantnost za temo. Za ponazoritev postopka izbora člankov je bil uporabljen PRISMA diagram. Rezultati: Ugotovitve kažejo, da je pri obravnavi žensk, ki so preživele spolno nasilje, ključna vzpostavitev zaupljivega odnosa, izkazovanje spoštovanja, spodbujanje avtonomije, opolnomočenje žensk, odkrito pogovarjanje o anamnezi spolnega nasilja, podajanje natančnih informacij za informirano odločanje, upoštevanje želja in potreb pacientk ter ustrezna, empatična, natančna komunikacija pred in med ginekološkim pregledom. Pred pregledom je smiselno vse ženske rutinsko vprašati o morebitni anamnezi nasilja. Potrebna je individualna obravnava vsake pacientke. Prav tako je pomembno ustrezno izobraževanje zdravstvenih delavcev in multidisciplinarno sodelovanje. Razprava in zaključek: Medicinska sestra ima ključno vlogo pri zagotavljanju celostne, občutljive in spoštljive obravnave žensk z anamnezo spolnega nasilja med ginekološkim pregledom. S svojim pristopom lahko bistveno vpliva na zmanjšanje strahu in podoživljanja travmatičnih dogodkov, povečanje občutka varnosti, udobja ter boljšo dolgoročno vključenost žensk v preventivno zdravstveno oskrbo. Introduction: Sexual violence represents a serious public health issue that leaves long-term physical, psychological, reproductive and social consequences for the affected women. During gynecological examinations, women with a history of sexual abuse may experience flashbacks or emotional retraumatization, which can lead to avoidance of such care. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore how can nurses help prevent retraumatization during gynecological examinations of women with a history of sexual abuse and to identify the most effective strategies for inquiring about and recognizing such history. Methods: A descriptive research method was used. We conducted a review of international scientific literature focusing on appropriate nursing approaches to identifying a history of sexual violence in women, and on strategies to prevent retraumatization during gynecological care. The literature, published between 2014 and 2024, was retrieved from databases including CINAHL Ultimate, Academic Search Complete, ERIC, MEDLINE and SocINDEX with Full Text. Keywords included sexual violence, sexual abuse, trauma-informed approach, gynecological care, reproductive health, women and nurse. Inclusion criteria comprised open-access content, female population and topic relevance. A PRISMA flow diagram was used to illustrate the article selection process. Results: Findings indicated that in caring for women with a history of sexual abuse, it is essential to establish a trusting relationship, demonstrate respect, promote autonomy, empower patients and openly discuss the history of sexual violence. Providing accurate information to support informed decision-making, considering individual preferences and needs, ensuring sensitive and clear communication before and during the examination are also key. It was deemed necessary to routinely inquire about any history of abuse prior to the examination. Individualized care is essential for each patient. Additionally, proper education of healthcare professionals and interdisciplinary collaboration are vital. Discussion and conclusion: Nurses play a crucial role in providing comprehensive, sensitive and respectful care to women with a history of sexual abuse during gynecological examinations. Their approach can significantly reduce fear and the risk of retraumatization, enhance feelings of safety and comfort, also improve women's long-term engagement with preventive healthcare. diplomska dela zdravstvena nega spolno nasilje ginekološki pregled reproduktivno zdravje travmo upoštevajoč pristop medicinske sestre diploma theses nursing care sexual violence gynecological examination reproductive health trauma-informed approach nurses true false false [K. Požun] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2025-08-20 07:45:50 2025-08-20 07:45:58 2025-08-21 04:02:30 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 Ljubljana 0 Ljubljana 51 str. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 616-083 148566 246022915 50536.pdf 50536.pdf 1 273034EF66554188A0CE2F87961A4C0A cda93db3b34001f65e7c1761d914cab445b5850ae6e59e1d9f14519e831a1723 d8a299bc-7d88-11f0-9328-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=214330 Zdravstvena fakulteta 0 0 0