Učinki kajenja med nosečnostjo na plod : diplomsko delo

Bartol, Petra (avtor), Mivšek, Ana Polona (mentor), Petročnik, Petra (komentor)

Uvod: Po podatkih Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije je na svetu več kot milijarda kadilcev, med nosečnicami je aktivna kadilka vsaka deseta. Maternalno kajenje med nosečnostjo je potrjen dejavnik za povečano tveganje za plod. Več kot 7000 kemikalij iz cigaret prosto prehaja placentarno bariero in tako neposredno škoduje plodu. Namen: Namen diplomske naloge je predstaviti vplive aktivnega kajenja na plod, njegov razvoj, porodno težo in možnost preživetja. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna ali opisna metoda dela s sistematičnim pregledom, oceno in analizo, domače ter tuje znanstvene in strokovne literature. Članki so bili izbrani s pomočjo znanstvenih podatkovnih baz Cobiss, PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library. Uporabljena je bila literatura, mlajša od desetih let. Rezultati: Rezultati študij, vključenih v pregled literature, so pokazali, da kajenje vpliva na porodno težo, obseg glavice ploda, njegov abdominalni obseg, dolžino stegnenice, prezgodnje rojstvo. Novorojenčki kadilk so imeli statistično boljše možnosti preživetja v primeru nedonošenosti kot novorojenčki nekadilk. Med novorojenčki mater, ki so pasivne kadilke, je bila statistično najvišja umrljivost. Razprava in sklep: Čeprav so dobro znane posledice kajenja med nosečnostjo, se velik delež žensk še vedno ne odloči za prenehanje kajenja v nosečnosti. Ker je v vseh študijah dokazano, da je statistično največ aktivnih kadilk med nosečnostjo nekje v starostni meji do 20 let, bi bilo treba čim bolj ozavestiti mlada dekleta in jim ponuditi pomoč pri opuščanju kajenja.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: diplomska dela, babištvo, maternalno kajenje, pasivno kajenje, nosečnost, plod, posledice
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [P. Bartol]
• Leto izida: 2017
• Št. strani: 20 f.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-98456
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5364587
• Datum objave v RUL: 02.12.2017

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Effects of smoking during pregnancy on the fetus : bachelor thesis

Izvleček

Introduction: Based on the data gathered by World Health Organization, there are more than a billion smokers in the world. Every tenth pregnant woman is a smoker. Maternal smoking has been confirmed as a factor for increased risk for fetus.More than 7000 chemicals in cigarettes that freely pass this barrier and therefore harm the fetus. Aim: The purpose of this thesis is to introduce the negative effects of active smoking during pregnancy. In the thesis the effects of active smoking on the fetus, it's development, the birth weight and chance of survival are presented. Methods: A descriptive method of work with systematic review, assessment and analysis of national and international scientific and professional literature was used. The literature was searched through the scientific databases Cobiss, PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library. The used literature was no older than 10 years. Results: The results included in thesis have shown that smoking affects birth weight, size of the fetal head, size of the fetus abdomen, lenght of the fetus femur, premature birth. The premature newborns of active smokers had statistically better chances of survival than those of non-smokers. The premature newborns of mothers that were subjected to second hand smoking had statistically the highest mortality. Discussion and conclusion: Even though the effect of maternal smoking is fairly well known, a lot of women still do not decide to stop smoking for the length of their pregnancy. Seeing as the results of the studies show that most active smokers that are pregnant are in the ages up to 20 years, it would be crucial to make young women aware of these effects and offer them help in quitting smoking.

• Ključne besede: diploma theses, midwifery, maternal smoking, second hand smoking, pregnancy, fetus, effects