In the thesis, we have described the importance of colostrum for quality breeding of calves, its composition, and its changes according to the time after calving. We have described methods for measuring the quality of colostrum with a reflectometer and a colostrometer. We have presented the reasons why it is not advisable to feed calves with milk, infected with mastitis. We also presented the way and the importance of the storing of colostrum. We have described the housing systems of calves or breeding heifers in particular periods of rearing and breeding, and the importance of the individual housing of calves immediately after birth, where they can remain until weaning. The calves should be weaned when they reach a body weight of 100 kilograms and a hip height of between 90 and 100 centimeters, with a properly developed rumen, abomasum, reticulum and omasum, which allow for proper development and growth in later periods of rearing. The most common diseases that occur in calves are pneumonia and diarrhea, which are causing the highest costs of treatment and loss of calves. To achieve the proper growth of calves or breeding heifers throughout all ages, we must provide them with proper food and unlimited access to water. It is also vital that heifers are inseminated at the appropriate age or body weight, in order to reduce the costs of breeding.
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