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Mnenje staršev o programu obveznega cepljenja otrok
ID Mikec, Alja (Avtor), ID Vettorazzi, Renata (Mentor) Več o mentorju... Povezava se odpre v novem oknu

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PID: 20.500.12556/rul/62b92365-f519-4b9b-8538-a4ae2a282569

Izvleček
Uvod: Cepljenje ali vakcinacija pomeni aplikacijo živih oslabljenih, mrtvih organizmov, njihovih imunogenih beljakovin ali njihovih toksinov z namenom preprečevanja nalezljivih bolezni. Cepljenje otrok se izvaja pod vodstvom Nacionalnega inštituta za javno zdravje v otroških dispanzerjih v programu obveznega cepljenja. Je varen in učinkovit način, s katerim zaščitimo svoje otroke pred hudimi nalezljivimi boleznimi. S cepljenjem otrok lahko preprečujemo širjenje nalezljivih bolezni med ostalo populacijo, ki se iz zdravstvenih razlogov ne sme cepiti. Na ta način zagotavljamo zaščito najmlajše starostne skupine, ki bi lahko utrpela težji potek bolezni. Cepljenje je največji zdravstveni dosežek, ki je v zadnjih desetletjih drastično zmanjšal smrtnost otrok. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je ugotoviti mnenja staršev o obveznem programu cepljenja. Osredotočila smo se predvsem na splošno mnenje staršev o cepljenju, vir pridobivanja informacij o cepljenju, vpliv zdravstvenega osebja pri programu cepljenja in razlogi staršev za odklanjanje programa cepljenja. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila kvantitativna raziskovalna paradigma. Za utemeljitev raziskovalnega problema je bil izveden pregled literature v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku, ki je potekal preko elektronskih baz, kot so Medline (PubMed), CINAHL, Science Direct ter z uporabo brskalnika Google učenjak in COBISS. Kriteriji iskanja literature: starost članka, vsebinska ustreznost in dostopnost besedila v celoti. Za empirično raziskavo je bil uporabljen pol strukturiran anketni vprašalnik, ki je bil namenjen vsem staršem, z najmanj 3 mesečnim do 10 letnim otrokom. Vprašalnik je bil objavljen v elektronski obliki preko spletnega mesta 1Ka oziroma EnKlikAnketa. Anketiranje je potekalo junija 2017. Rezultati: V raziskavi je sodelovalo 807 anketirancev. Večina staršev je navajalo, da prejme največ informacij o programu cepljenja preko interneta (32 %), pri pediatru (14 %), pri sorodnikih (12 %) in prijateljih (11 %). Četrtina jih prejme informacije s strani diplomirane medicinske sestre in preko družbenih omrežij. Polovica staršev trdi, da jim zdravstveno osebje ni namenilo časa o razreševanje dilem v zvezi s cepljenjem in v 66 % navajajo, da s strani zdravstvenega osebja niso prejeli informacij o možnih stranskih učinkih cepiv. Dobra tretjina staršev se s programom cepljenja strinja in otroke cepijo po programu, slaba tretjina pa svojih otrok ne želi cepiti. V največji meri starši zavračajo cepiva proti pnevmokoknim okužbam, hepatitisu B, ošpicam, mumpsu in rdečkam. Razlogi za odklanjanje cepljenja so različni, prevladujeta pa dva poglavitna: stranski učinki cepiv (kratkotrajni/dolgotrajni) in vsebnost cepiv z različnimi telesu škodljivimi substancami. Polovica staršev, ki so izpolnili vprašalnik, navaja, da svojega otroka ne bi cepili, če ne bi bilo obvezno. Razprava in sklep: Potrebnih je več raziskav, ki bi omogočile celosten vpogled v problematiko odklanjanja cepljenja. Pomembno bi bilo raziskati, na katerih spletnih straneh starši, ki odklanjajo cepljenje, pridobivajo informacije. Končni izid raziskave nam je ponazoril pomanjkanje znanja, zdravstvene vzgoje in promocije zdravja ter kakovostne obravnave otrok in njihovih staršev v zdravstvenih ustanovah.

Jezik:Slovenski jezik
Ključne besede:cepljenje otrok, nalezljive bolezni, koledar cepljenja, promocija zdravja, zdravstvena vzgoja
Vrsta gradiva:Diplomsko delo/naloga
Organizacija:ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
Leto izida:2017
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-95296 Povezava se odpre v novem oknu
COBISS.SI-ID:5331307 Povezava se odpre v novem oknu
Datum objave v RUL:20.09.2017
Število ogledov:5251
Število prenosov:914
Metapodatki:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
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Sekundarni jezik

Jezik:Angleški jezik
Naslov:The parents opinion about compulsory vaccination schedule
Izvleček:
Introduction: Vaccination or inoculation is the administration of live weakened, dead organisms or their toxins for the purpose of infectious disease prevention. Vaccination of children is carried out under the authority of the National institute for public health under the so called mandatory vaccination program. It is a safe and efficient system for protection of our children from severe infectious diseases. With vaccination we can prevent spreading of infectious diseases among the rest of the population who cannot be vaccinated on medical grounds. Thus we ensure the protection of the youngest age group which could suffer the worse course of disease. Vaccination is the greatest medical achievement which has reduced mortality in recent years. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to ascertain the parents’ opinions on mandatory vaccination program. My main focus was on parents’ general opinion on vaccination, the source of information on vaccination, the health personnel’s influence on vaccination program and parents’ reasons for rejecting the vaccination program. Methods: Quantitative research paradigm was used. To establish the research problem literature in Slovene and English language was reviewed, carried out with electronic databases such as Medline (PubMed), CINAHL, Science Direct, with Google Scholar browser and COBISS. Literature search criteria: article age, contextual relevance and full text accessibility. For the purpose of empirical research a structured questionnaire, aimed at all parents with a child aged between 3 months and 10 years was used. The questionnaire was used in electronic form on web page 1 Ka or EnKlikAnketa. The survey took place in June 2017. Results: 807 respondents, parents of children aged between 3 months and 10 years took part in the survey. Most parents receive the greatest amount of information on internet (32%), followed by paediatricians (14%), next from relatives (12%) and friends (11%). A quarter receives information from a nurse with a degree and social networks. Half of the parents claims that the health personnel failed to provide conversation time, solving dilemmas related to vaccination and 66% state that they did not receive information on possible side effects from the health personnel. A good third of the parents approve of the vaccination program and vaccinate their children according to it, whereas almost a third rejected to vaccinate their children. Vaccines against pneumococcal, hepatitis B, measles, mumps and rubella are most commonly refused. Reasons for rejection vary, however, there are two main ones: side effects of vaccines (short term/long term) and harmful substances contained in them. Half of the parents who took part in the survey state, that they would not vaccinate their child if it were not mandatory. Discussion and conclusion: More research is necessary to enable a holistic insight in the problem of vaccination rejection. It would be important to investigate from which web sites the parents who reject vaccination obtain their information. The final result of the research illustrates lack of knowledge, health education, health promotion and quality treatment on the side of health professionals.

Ključne besede:vaccination of children, infectious diseases, vaccination calendar, health promotion, health education

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