Stališča zdravstvenih delavcev do darovanja organov : pregled literature

Bylykbashi, Argresa (avtor), Kavčič, Matic (mentor)

Uvod: Darovanje organov po smrti je ključni del transplantacijske medicine, brez katerega zdravljenja s presaditvijo ne bi bilo. Podpora široke javnosti je osnova pri darovanju organov in tkiv. Glede na to, da imamo zdravstveni delavci tudi vzgojno-izobraževalno vlogo, nas zanima, kateri so najpogostejši dejavniki, ki vplivajo na stališča in opredeljenost zdravstvenih delavcev o darovanju. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti, kakšno mnenje imajo zdravstveni delavci o darovanju organov ter kakšna so njihova stališča do darovanja. Cilj diplomskega dela pa je pregledati literaturo in ugotoviti, kateri so najpogostejši dejavniki, ki vplivajo na opredeljenost zdravstvenih delavcev glede darovanja organov pri nas in po svetu, ter sestaviti anketni vprašalnik, ki bi se lahko uporabljal za nadaljnje raziskave. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela s pregledom strokovne in znanstvene literature o stališčih do darovanja organov med medicinskimi sestrami in zdravniki. Navedeno literaturo smo iskali od februarja do junija 2017 po bibliografskih bazah Medline, PubMed, na portalu Dikul preko oddaljenega dostopa Digitalne knjižnice Univerze v Ljubljani, s pomočjo bibliografskega sistema COBISS.SI. Za analizo smo uporabili članke, ki so imeli opredeljen kraj raziskave, jasno obrazložene metode dela ter izvor podatkov (anketa, intervju), udeležence raziskave (medicinske sestre, zdravniki) ter njihovo število in so imeli za cilj ugotoviti mnenja in stališča zdravstvenih delavcev do darovanja organov. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da zdravstveno osebje podpira darovanje in tovrstno zdravljenje. Žal pa je tudi med zdravstvenimi delavci velika razlika med naklonjenostjo darovanju in dejanskim številom opredeljenih darovalcev. Ugotovili smo, da so najpogostejši dejavniki, ki vplivajo na odnos zdravstvenih delavcev do darovanja organov, verska opredelitev, znanje, razumevanje in sprejemanje možganske smrti, vera v celovitost telesa, čustva in (ne)zaupanje v zdravstveni sistem. Razprava in zaključek: Na področju darovanja organov v Sloveniji primanjkuje raziskav. Pomembno je, da proučujemo znanje in stališča zdravstvenih delavcev, saj imajo vzgojno-izobraževalno vlogo tako v profesionalnem okolju kot tudi doma.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: darovanje organov, transplantacijska medicina, transplantacijska medicina v Sloveniji, transplantacija, možganska smrt, darovanje organov med zdravstvenimi delavci
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-94813
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5330283
• Datum objave v RUL: 07.09.2017

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Health care workers' attitudes towards organ donation : literature review

Izvleček

Introduction: Post mortem organ donation is a key part of transplantation medicine, without which there would be no transplantation treatment. The support of the general public is the basis for the donation of organs and tissues. Health professionals, also have an educational role and that is why we are interested in knowing which are the most common factors that influence the position and attitudes of health professionals towards organ donation. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma thesis was to discover the attitudes and opinions the healthcare workers have on organ donation. Another purpose was to review the literature and to find out which are the most common factors affecting the attitudes of health professionals regarding donation in our country and around the world. Finally, we wanted to create a questionnaire that could be used for further research. Methods: In the diploma we used the descriptive method of work with a review of scientific literature on attitudes towards organ donation among nurses and doctors. We searched for the aforementioned literature through Medline and PubMed databases, in the Dikul portal via remote access of the digital library of the University of Ljubljana using the bibliographic system COBISS.SI. The timespan of our research was from February 2017 to June 2017. For the purpose of analysis we used articles that had a specified place of research, clearly explained methods of work and the method of obtaining data (survey, interview..), clearly stated who participated in the survey (nurses, doctors..) and how many respondents they had, and were aimed at identifying the opinions and attitudes of health professionals towards organ donation. Results: By reviewing the literature, we have found that health workers are pro donation and that they support this kind of treatment. Unfortunately, even among health professionals, there is a difference between the high pro donation propensity and the actual number of identified donors. We have also found out that the most common factors affecting the attitude of health professionals towards organ donation are religion, knowledge, understanding brain death, body integrity, emotions and the mistrust in the health system. Discussion and conclusion: There is a lack of research in the field of organ donation in Slovenia. It is important to study the knowledge and the attitude of health professionals, since we also play an educational role both in the professional environment and in private life.

• Ključne besede: organ donation, transplantation medicine, transplantation medicine in Slovenia, brain death, organ donation among health workers