Pretreniranost pri kandidatih za košarkarsko reprezentanco U-18 : diplomsko delo

Peterca, Jošt (avtor), Hadžić, Vedran (mentor)

Sindrom pretreniranosti se lahko pojavi pri športnikih v vseh športih in v vseh starostnih obdobjih in se mu, kljub resnim zdravstvenim posledicam, ne posveča dovolj pozornosti. Razlog za to je verjetno težnja po rezultatu in premalo izobraženi in nekompetentni trenerji. V diplomskem delu smo se ukvarjali predvsem s problemom pretreniranost pri mlajših košarkarjih, saj smo želeli ugotoviti v kakšnem stanju pridejo igralci iz klubov na priprave z reprezentanco. Posledično je zdravstveno in psihofizično stanje igralcev tudi odraz kvalitete dela v klubu in kompetentnost njihovih trenerjev. Sindrom pretreniranosti smo ugotavljali z več testi in sicer smo se po posvetu s strokovnjaki na tem področju odločili za meritve krvnega tlaka, kožnih gub tricepsa, bicepsa, podlopatične in suprailiakalne kožne gube, merili smo tudi frekvenco srčnega utripa v času testiranja ter v fazi mirovanja (tri dni zjutraj, ko se zbudijo), beležili smo trajanje in kakovost spanca, vsaj 3 dni in na koncu so morali izpolniti še vprašalnik Rest-Q. Vzorec je obsegal 29 košarkarjev, od tega jih je bilo 15 testiranih v Zrečah na pripravah za evropsko prvenstvo U-18 v Samsunu v Turčiji, 14 pa smo jih testirali po prvenstvu v Domžalskem KK Helios in so kandidati za reprezentanco U-18 za naslednje prvenstvo. Vsi fantje v vzorcu so rojeni med leti 1998 in 2001, kar pomeni, da so stari med 15 in 18 let. Pomembno je tudi to, da imajo vsi košarkarji približno enako število treningov in tekem oziroma obremenitev na teden. Vse podatke pridobljene na meritvah smo vnesli v Excel ter jih uredili v tabelo, tako, da so bili organizirani za nadaljnjo obravnavo s statističnim programom SPSS. Prav tako smo odgovore na vprašanja iz Rest-Q vprašalnika vnesli v program, ki nam je 77 vprašanj uredil v 19 lestvic, nato v 4 sklope in na koncu v 3 glavne kategorije. Naš namen je bil, da preverimo stanje košarkarjev, ki so del reprezentančnih priprav na Evropsko prvenstvo in jih najprej primerjamo med sabo nato pa jih primerjamo še s košarkarji KK Helios U-18. Cilj raziskave je bil da ugotovimo prevalenco pretreniranosti. Primerjali smo tudi rezultate RestQ vprašalnika in rezultate ostalih testov ter ugotavljali povezavo med njimi oziroma v kolikšni meri igralcu, ki mu je vprašalnik postavil diagnozo pretreniranosti tudi ostali testi potrjujejo pretreniranost. Ugotovili smo s pomočjo RestQ Sport vprašalnika, da je bila prevalenca pretreniranosti testiranih košarkarjev 45% ter, da je pri pretreniranih košarkarjih večje tveganje za bolezni. Ostali testi pri katerih smo merili telesne parametre, pa niso pokazali statistično značilnih razlik med pretreniranimi in nepretreniranimi košarkarji. Kljub temu so imeli pretrenirani košarkarji sistolni tlak višji za 10 mmHG in so v povprečju spali 20 minut manj od nepretreniranih.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: pretreniranost, košarkarji U-18, RestQ-76 Sport
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: FŠ - Fakulteta za šport
• Leto izida: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-94418
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5149873
• Datum objave v RUL: 22.08.2017

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Overtraining syndrome of candidates for National basketball team U-18

Izvleček

Overtraining syndrome can appear in all types of sport and every athlete can suffer from it regardless the age or type of sport. Overtraining syndrome is not getting enough attention although it can have serious consequences on health and can stop athlete's career. The reason for such ignorance is probably the aspiration to achieve exceptional result and not enough educated or competent coaches to plan proportion of load and rest during season. In Diploma we were concentrated mostly on problems with overtraining at younger basketball players, because we wanted to find out in what shape they are when they came to national team practice. Health and physical condition of the players depends on quality of training in their teams and consequently the competence of the coaches in their team. We tried to diagnose the overtraining syndrome with several tests. After consultation with experts we decided to test blood pressure, skinfolds (biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiacal), heart rate in steady state (at test date and for three consecutive days after waking up), quality and duration of sleep and at last we used RestQ Sport questionnaire. Our sample were 29 basketball players, 15 were tested in Zreče when they were preparing for U-18 European Championship in Samsun in Turkey and 14 were tested in Domžale in KK Helios Suns and they were candidates to join U-18 national team for next championship. All players in our sample were born between 1998 and 2001, which means that they are aged between 15 and 18 years. An important common ground of all players that we tested is that they all have approximately the same amount of practices and games per week. We wrote the information collected during our research into the table in Excel and we organised them for further computer processing in statistical program SPSS. All the answers from RestQ questionnaire were also organised and entered in program which interpreted all 77 answers and divide them in 19 subscales and next into 4 scales and at the end we got 3 main categories. We wanted to test player’s physical condition when they become part of the national U-18 team and compare single player with other teammates in national team and with KK Helios players who are candidates for next year U-18 national team. The goal of the research was to find out prevalence of overtraining syndrome. We also compared the results of RestQ questionnaire with results of other tests and we were looking for connection between results. Recording to RestQ Sport questionnaire we found out that prevalence of overtraining syndrome in youth basketball players was 45% and that it is higher possibility for illness at over trained players. Other tests in which we measured physical parameters did not show any statistically important correlations between over trained and not overt trained athletes. However, over trained athletes had 10 mmHG higher systolic blood pressure and the duration of sleep was 20 minutes shorter.

• Ključne besede: overtraining, basketball players U-18, RestQ-76 Sport