Doživljanje otroka in mladostnika s sladkorno boleznijo tipa 1 : pregled literature

Aljija, Sanela (avtor), Bizjak, Martina (mentor)

Uvod: Sladkorna bolezen tipa 1 je eno najpogostejših kroničnih obolenj pri otrocih. Nastane zaradi popolnega propada beta celic trebušne slinavke, ki izdelujejo inzulin. Bolezni ne znamo preprečiti in je neozdravljiva. Njena kroničnost in vsakodnevne zahteve ustvarjajo plodna tla za razvoj različnih psiholoških motenj. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti doživljanja otroka s sladkorno bolezen tipa 1, opisati, kako se otrok in njegovi starši soočajo z diagnozo sladkorne bolezni tipa 1, predstaviti najpogostejše psihološke motnje, s katerimi se otroci s sladkorno bolezen tipa 1 soočajo in predstaviti naloge zdravstvenih delavcev pri prepoznavanju le-teh ter nudenju psihološke podpore otrokom s sladkorno bolezen tipa 1. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela s pregledom literature v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku. Uporabljena literatura temelji na pregledu izvirnih in preglednih znanstvenih člankov ter knjižne literature. Obsega čas od 2006 do 2016. Literatura je bila iskana na podatkovnih bazah: CINAHL, Medline (PubMed), The Cochrane Collaboration in COBIB.SI. Rezultati: Na podlagi pregleda literature je bilo ugotovljeno, da sladkorna bolezen tipa 1 predstavlja veliko breme otroku in njegovi družini. Že od postavitvi diagnoze se morajo soočati s paleto čustev, ki negativno vplivajo na kakovost njihovega življenja. Raziskave so pokazale, da so psihološke motnje pri otrocih s sladkorno bolezen tipa 1 dvakrat do trikrat pogostejše kakor pri njihovih vrstnikih. Med najpogostejšimi psihološkimi motnjami pri otrocih s sladkorno bolezen tipa 1 so depresija in fobične motnje oz. bolezenski strahovi. Zgodnje prepoznavanje psiholoških motenj in pravočasno zdravljenje s strani zdravstvenih delavcev je izjemno pomembno za upravljanje bolezni in sam razvoj otroka. Razprava in sklep: Kot kažejo raziskave, število otrok obolelih za sladkorno bolezen tipa 1 narašča in bo v prihodnost še naraščalo, zato vse bolj postaja javnozdravstveni problem. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da so otroci s sladkorno bolezen tipa 1 bolj izpostavljeni pojavu psiholoških motenj v primerjavi z njihovimi vrstniki, zato ima multidisciplinarni pristop k obravnavi otroka s sladkorno bolezen tipa 1 pomembno vlogo.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: sladkorna bolezen tipa 1, psihološko zdravje, depresija, strahovi, psihološka podpora
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-91098
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5242219
• Datum objave v RUL: 20.03.2017

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The experiences of a child and adolescent with type 1 diabetes : literature review

Izvleček

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common chronic conditions among children. It is caused by total destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. The disease cannot be prevented and is incurable. Its chronic nature and daily requirements create breeding ground for the development of a variety of psychological disorders. Goal: The goal of this diploma work is to present the experiences of a child with type 1 diabetes, to describe how the children and their parents face type 1 diabetes diagnosis, to present the most common psychological disorders that children with type 1 diabetes are faced with, and the tasks of health workers to recognise them and provide psychological support to the children, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Working methods: Used was the descriptive method, reviewing the literature in the Slovene and English languages. The literature that was used is based on reviewing original and reviewed scientific papers and book literature for the period between 2006 and 2016. The literature was searched in the following databases: CINAHL, Medline (PubMed), The Cochrane Collaboration and COBIB.SI. Results: Literature review showed that type 1 diabetes poses a huge challenge to the child and his/her family. Immediately after the diagnosis has been given, they need to face a myriad of feelings with a negative effect on the quality of their life. Research has shown that children with type 1 diabetes suffer from psychological disorders from two to three times more often, compared to their counterparts. Depression and phobic disorders or anxiety disorders are among the most common psychological disorders. Early detection of psychological disorders and prompt treatment, provided by health workers, is of utmost importance for the management of the disease and child's development. Discussion and conclusion: According to research, the number of children with type 1 diabetes is rising and will continue to rise, which increasingly makes it a public health problem. It has been found that children with type 1 diabetes are more exposed to the occurrence of psychological disorders, compared to their counterparts, which gives a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of children with type 1 diabetes an important role.

• Ključne besede: type 1 diabetes mellitus, psychological health, depression, fears, psychological support