Analiza hlapnih spojin v absolutih rastlinskih drog s kumarini : enoviti magistrski študijski program farmacija

Potočnik, Marko (avtor), Janeš, Damjan (mentor)

V magistrski nalogi smo analizirali rastlinske absolute tonkovca, navadne medene detelje, sena in dišeče boljke. Absolut je zmes hlapnih spojin, pridobljenih z ekstrakcijo z organskimi topili. Osredotočili smo se na vsebnost kumarina, saj smo po pregledu strokovne literature ugotovili, da ga vsebujejo vsi našteti absoluti. Kumarin uporabljamo v parfumski, kozmetični, tobačni in živilski industriji. V Nemčiji so njegovo uporabo v določenem obdobju celo prepovedali, saj so domnevali, da je kancerogen. Danes veljajo predpisane maksimalne količine kumarina za določeno uporabo. Kumarini so pogosti v družini metuljnic, nebinovk, kobulnic in rutičevk. Lahko so prosti ali vezani v glikozid (monosaharid je navadno glukoza). Preprosti kumarini delujejo antiedemično, venotonično, protivnetno, spazmolizno, sedativno, nekateri tudi imunostimulativno. Derivati preprostih kumarinov so furanokumarini in piranokumarini. Furanokumarine zlasti uporabljamo v terapiji vitiliga in psoriaze. Izbrane absolute smo analizirali s plinsko kromatografijo sklopljeno z masno spektrofotometrijo. Večini spojin smo potrdili identiteto in jih kvantificirali z uporabo referenčnih spojin. Etilmelilotat smo sintetizirali, saj na trgu ni bil dostopen. Ugotovili smo, da je sestava absolutov med serijami zelo variabilna, kar je posledica variabilnosti naravnega materiala. Največji delež hlapnih spojin vsebuje absolut tonkovca (45,99 % in 73,85 %), hkrati smo v tem vzorcu identificirali najmanj spojin. Sledila sta absolut navadne medene detelje (36,87 % in 55,74 %) in absolut dišeče boljke (53,12 %). V absolutu sena smo sicer kvantificirali največ različnih hlapnih spojin, njihova skupna deleža pa sta bila najnižja (11,53 % in 13,52 %). Kvantificirane spojine s kemijskega vidika uvrščamo med aldehide, alkohole, estre, etre, fenole, ketone, kisline, laktone, terpene in terpenoide. Absoluta tonkovca in navadne medene detelje sta vsebovala kumarin v višjem deležu (37,35 %, 58,75 % in 16,63 %, 11,02 %) kot absolut sena (0,1775 % in 0,06651 %) in dišeče boljke (0,3015 %).

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: kumarin tonkovec navadna medena detelja dišeča boljka kromatografija
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: FFA - Fakulteta za farmacijo
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [M. Potočnik]
• Leto izida: 2016
• Št. strani: VIII, 55 f.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-87333
• UDK: 543.544:581.19(043.3)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 4111729
• Datum objave v RUL: 08.12.2016

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Analysis of volatile compounds in absolutes of herbal drugs with coumarins

Izvleček

Absolutes of tonka bean, yellow sweet clover, hay and sweet vernal grass (vanilla grass) were analysed. Absolute is a mixture of volatile compounds, obtained by extraction with organic solvents. After reviewing the scientific literature the research was focused on the content of coumarin, since all the above mentioned absolutes contain this compound. Coumarin is used in perfumes, cosmetic, tobacco and food. In Germany, the use of coumarin was forbidden in a certain period due to the assumption that it is carcinogenic. Nowadays maximum quantities of coumarin for a specific application are prescribed. Coumarins are common in botanical families Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Apiaceae and Rutaceae. They can be free or bound in glycosides (monosaccharide is generally glucose). Simple coumarins are antiedemic, venotonic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, sedative and some of them also immunostimulatory. Derivatives of simple coumarines are furanocoumarins and pyranocoumarins. Former are particularly used in the treatment of vitiligo and psoriasis. Selected absolutes were analysed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Most of the compounds were identified and quantified employing reference compounds. Ethyl melilotate was not available on the market and was therefore synthesised. The composition of absolutes was found to vary considerably between batches, which is the consequence of variability of natural material. The absolute of tonka beans contained the largest proportion of volatile compounds (45.99% and 73.85%) and at the same time the smallest number of compounds identified and quantified. Absolutes of yellow sweet clover contained 36.87% and 55.74% and of sweet vernal grass 53.12% of volatile compounds, respectively. In the absolute of hay the largest number of volatile compounds was identified, but their shares were the lowest (11.53% and 13.52%). Identified volatile compounds were classified as aldehydes, alcohols, esters, ethers, phenols, ketones, acids, lactones, terpenes and terpenoids. Tonka bean and yellow sweet clover absolutes contained the highest concentrations of coumarin 37.35%, 58.75% and 16.63, 11.02%, respectively, followed by the absolutes of hay (0.1775% and 0.06651%) and of sweet vernal grass (0.3015%).