In the thesis I describe the use of X-ray in medicine, particulary for diagnostic purposes. More specifically I describe formation of X-ray (characteristic radiation and bremsstrahlung) and interaction of X-ray photons with the substance (photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, Rayleigh scattering and pair production). Experimental part of the thesis was made with a classical X-ray machine, so I describe briefly its structure and functioning. The experimental part contains X-ray images of some samples and results of processing these images using ImageJ program. From the obtained data I calculated the mass attenuation coefficients of aluminium and copper at different voltages applied to an X-ray tube and at constant product of the electric current and the exposure time. I also commented on the characteristic X-ray images of an organic sample (bream).
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