Pomen gibalno spodbudnega okolja pri razvoju hoje predšolskega otroka : diplomsko delo

Peklaj, Tanja (avtor), Gregorc, Jera (mentor)

V diplomskem delu smo z raziskavo, ki je temeljila na Delacatovi teoriji premikanja telesnih udov, želeli potrditi postopnost razvoja hoje glede na smer premikanja ter ugotoviti pomembnost spodbudnega okolja na razvoj hoje doma in v vrtcu. Postopnost razvoja hoje smo raziskovali glede na smer premikanja v prostoru, in sicer v naslednjem vrstnem redu: naprej, navzgor, navzdol. Spodbudno okolje pa smo ločili na primarno in sekundarno ter znotraj zajeli štiri faktorje: materialni, vsebinski, organizacijski in kadrovski faktor. Raziskovali smo pomen seštevka vseh faktorjev izbranega okolja na razvoj hoje. Zanimalo nas je, ali bodo otroci, ki imajo spodbudnejše okolje, hitreje prehajali med stopnjami razvoja hoje kot tisti, ki imajo manj spodbudno okolje. Vzorec raziskave je zajemal šestinštirideset otrok prvega starostnega obdobja, starih od 16 do 26 mesecev, in njihove starše ter druge odrasle osebe, ki skrbijo za otroka med odsotnostjo staršev. V raziskavi je sodelovalo sedem skupin iz naslednjih vrtcev: Vrtec Brezovica, Vrtec Vrhnika, Vrtec Kozarje, Vrtec Borovnica in Vrtec pri OŠ Žiri. Analiza rezultatov raziskave je pokazala, da se hoja glede na smer premikanja razvije v smereh, ki smo jih predvideli. Otroci najprej hodijo naprej, nato navzgor in šele na koncu navzdol. Kvaliteto hoje smo točkovali glede na premikanje telesnih udov (po Delacatovi teoriji), in sicer s pristopanjem, istostransko in križno. Vpliv spodbudnega okolja na razvoj hoje pa smo pojasnili z modelom, ki vključuje odvisno spremenljivko, imenovano razvoj hoje. Ta je pojasnjena s štirimi neodvisnimi spremenljivkami izbranega okolja. Poimenovali smo jih materialni, kadrovski, organizacijski in vsebinski dejavniki. Iz rezultatov multiple regresije lahko razberemo, da bodo otroci hitreje napredovali pri usvajanju novih stopenj razvoja hoje, če bodo starši zagotovili boljše materialne, kadrovske, organizacijske in vsebinske dejavnike za izvajanje gibalnih dejavnosti. Primarno okolje je statistično značilno pri razvoju hoje pomembnejše od sekundarnega okolja. Vzroke za manj pomemben vpliv sekundarnega okolja vidimo predvsem v razmerju števila odraslih na otroke ter dejstvu, da vrtci v večini že relativno dobro poskrbijo za razvoj hoje in je izjemno pomembno, da pri tem starši sodelujejo.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: hoja, razvoj hoje, gibalno spodbudno okolje
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Založnik: [T. Peklaj]
• Leto izida: 2015
• Št. strani: 44 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-70153
• UDK: 373.2.016:79(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 10507081
• Datum objave v RUL: 10.07.2015

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The significance of an environment encouraging motor abilities in the development of walking in a preschool child

Izvleček

The significance of an environment encouraging motor abilities in the development of walking in a preschool child The thesis is based on Delacato's theory of movement of parts of the body to confirm the significance of gradual development of walking according to the direction of movement. It also aims at determining the importance of an encouraging environment at home and in kindergarten while walking is developing. We examined the gradual aspect of walking with regard to the direction of movement in space in the following order: on flat terrain, upstairs and downstairs. Moreover, an encouraging environment was considered as either primary or secondary and involved four factors: material, substantive, organisational and staff-related. We explored the impact of the sum of the factors in a certain environment on the development of walking, particularly whether children would progress more rapidly in a more encouraging environment than in a less encouraging one. The sample consisted of 46 first age group children aged from 16 to 26 months, their parents and other adults taking care of the children when their parents are absent. A total of 7 groups from the following kindergartens took part in the research: Brezovica, Vrhnika, Kozarje, Borovnica and Žiri. The result analysis indicated that walking in terms of the direction of movement develops the way we predicted. Children first walk on a flat terrain, upstairs and only then downstairs. The quality of walking was evaluated according to the movement of limbs (in line with Delacato's theory), i.e. changing weight, homolateral and cross-pattern walking. The influence of an encouraging environment was explained through a model with a dependent variable called the development of walking. The variable is defined with 4 independent variables of the selected environment: material, staff-related, organisational and substantial factors. Multiple regression results suggest that children will reach new stages of development of walking faster if their parents provide them with better material, staff-related, organisational and substantial conditions when performing motor activities. The primary environment is statistically more significant in the development of walking than the secondary. This may be due to the number of adults per child and the fact that kindergartens usually take a relatively good care of the development of walking. It is vital, however, that parents cooperate in this respect.