Odkrivanje razvojne motnje koordinacije v poznem predšolskem obdobju : diplomsko delo

Sevšek, Martina (avtor), Filipčič, Tjaša (mentor), Terčon, Jerneja (komentor)

Razvojna motnja koordinacije (v nadaljevanju RMK) predstavlja težave v senzorični obdelavi prispelih dražljajev ter pri načrtovanju in izvajanju gibanja. Oseba z RMK ima tako težave na gibalnem področju, prenašajo pa se tudi na področje šolskih veščin in znanj. Osnovni namen diplomskega dela je bilo ugotoviti, ali lahko že v poznem predšolskem obdobju pri otrocih prepoznavamo RMK. Želeli smo ugotoviti pojavnost RMK v populaciji pet letnih otrok ter razliko v deležu dečkov in deklic znotraj te populacije. Ukvarjali smo se tudi z vprašanjem, ali lahko osebe z RMK na nekaterih področjih gibalnih spretnosti in sposobnosti dosegajo tudi povprečne rezultate. Raziskavo smo izvedli jeseni 2012, v vzorec pa smo zajeli 143 pet letnih otrok iz mestnih in predmestnih javnih ljubljanskih vrtcev. Za namene testiranja smo uporabili Testni inštrumentarij ABC gibanja, in sicer testne naloge za starostno skupino 4, 5 in 6 let. Preverjali smo področja spretnosti z roko, spretnosti z žogo ter statično in dinamično ravnotežje. Otrok, ki je na testu dosegel 15. percentilni razred ali nižje, je bil prepoznan kot otrok z RMK. Testiranje smo izvajali v manjših skupinah otrok v njihovih matičnih vrtcih. Rezultati so pokazali, da ima v izbrani populaciji 7 % otrok lažjo ali težjo obliko RMK. Delež dečkov je 4,2 %, deklic pa 2,8 %. Ugotovili smo tudi, da se RMK pogosteje pojavlja med fanti (8,2 %) kot med deklicami (5,6 %). Podrobna analiza dosežkov posameznega otroka je pokazala, da izmed 10-ih otrok, pri katerih smo prepoznali RMK, 2 dosegata podpovprečne rezultate na vseh treh testiranih področjih gibalnih spretnosti in sposobnosti. Ostalih 8 otrok je vsaj na enem področju merjenja dosegalo povprečne rezultate. Izkazalo se je tudi, da otroci dosegajo različno uspešne rezultate znotraj posameznega področja merjenja gibalnih spretnosti in sposobnosti. Ugotovili smo tudi, da se težave pri dečkih pojavljajo izraziteje kot pri deklicah, saj so se v povprečju uvrščali v nižje percentilne razrede.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: razvojna motnja koordinacije, ABC gibanja, gibalne spretnosti in sposobnosti
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Založnik: [M. Sevšek]
• Leto izida: 2014
• Št. strani: VII, 92 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-69134
• UDK: 796.012:373.2.016(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 10233161
• Datum objave v RUL: 10.07.2015

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Detection of developmental coordination disorder in late preschool period.

Izvleček

Developmental coordination disorder (hereinafter DCD) represents difficulties in sensory integration of detected stimuli and in planning and execution of movement activities. People with DCD have problems not only with movement but also in learning academic skills. The primary purpose of the following diploma paper was to discover whether it is possible to detect DCD in late preschool period. The goal was to determine the prevalence of DCD in the population of five-year-old children and the difference in percentage between boys and girls. The question whether people with DCD can score average results in different areas of motor skills and abilities was also discussed. The research took place in autumn of 2012. Altogether, 143 five-year-old children from urban and suburban Ljubljana public kindergartens were tested. For the purpose of testing, Movement assessment battery for children (Movement ABC) was used. Selected test tasks were for the age group of 4, 5 and 6 years. Children’s abilities on areas of hand skills, ball skills, and static and dynamic balance were tested. Children, whose score was in 15th percentile or lesser, were identified as children with DCD. The testing took place in smaller groups of children in their primary kindergarten. The results have shown that in the tested population 7% of children have a more or less severe form of DCD. The prevalence of boys is 4,2% and of girls 2,8%. It was also discovered that DCD is more common among boys (8,2%) than among girls (5,6%). A more detailed analysis has shown that out of ten children, who were identified as children with DCD, only two have below average score on all of the tested areas of motor skills and abilities. Other eight children have average results in at least one of the tested motor areas. The results have also shown that a lot of children obtained different scores within one tested area of motor skills and abilities. It was also discovered that, in average, boys scored lower percentile rank which can suggest that DCD is more severe among boys.