Data networks traffic is rapidly increasing. This is enabled by high capacity of optical fibre and modulation procedures. However, we are approaching a point when, without an upgrade, actual technologies and equipment will not suffice. My diploma work describes the technology for spatial multiplexing of optical signals, which is considered to be the most realistic way of drastically increasing transfer capabilities of optical fibre. I devoted most of my attention to multi-mode and few-mode fibres, because they are regarded as the most prospective space division multiplexing (SDM) optical fibres. The optical coupling of ordinary optical signals with SDM fibre is possible with different ways of multiplexing. For long optical links in the core part of the network the development of optical amplifiers is essential. There are various scenarios for upgrading existent networks with SDM optical networks, and it seems that it will certainly occur soon as a result of technological advancements.
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