The aim of this master’s thesis was to review and synthesize the findings of scientific literature on the effects of different exercise modalities on the physical fitness of individuals with complete paraplegia. Particular attention was given to endurance training, strength training, balance and postural control training, and flexibility training.
The thesis was based on a descriptive research method. Domestic and international scientific articles, as well as professional literature obtained from various scientific databases and other professional sources, were used.
The reviewed literature showed that regular physical exercise can contribute significantly to improving the physical fitness of individuals with complete paraplegia. The findings showed that endurance training primarily improves cardiorespiratory fitness, while strength training improves muscular strength, muscular endurance, and the performance of functional tasks. Positive effects were also found for balance training, which contributes to improved postural control and trunk control and enables more efficient performance of activities in a seated position, as well as for flexibility training, the main purpose of which is to maintain functional range of motion and reduce the risk of joint stiffness and contracture development.
The reviewed literature also showed that combined exercise approaches can contribute to a more comprehensive development of physical fitness than programs focused solely on a single component of physical fitness.
Based on the literature review, it was concluded that a multicomponent exercise program that includes different types of exercise and is adapted to an individual's functional abilities and needs is the most appropriate approach for individuals with complete paraplegia. Such an approach can contribute to greater functional independence, maintenance of health, and improved quality of life.
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