Galectin-8 is involved in several pathophysiological processes, including cancer development, and is therefore an attractive target for the discovery of new therapeutic agents. The main aim of this master’s thesis was to synthesise a fluorescent probe for the development of a competitive fluorescence polarisation assay designed to identify selective galectin-8 inhibitors through high-throughput screening.
Two new fluorescent probes were prepared using click chemistry, specifically copper(I)-catalysed azide–alkyne cycloaddition. Both probes contained the same galectin-8-binding moiety but differed in their fluorophore: one contained BODIPY and the other fluorescein. The spectroscopic evaluation of their photophysical properties included the examination of excitation and emission spectra and the relationship between fluorescence intensity and probe concentration.
The binding affinity of both probes for galectin-8 was evaluated using a direct fluorescence polarisation assay. The assay measures the polarisation of the fluorescent light emitted by the probe after excitation. The degree of polarisation depends on the rate of rotation of the fluorescent probe, which is related to its size. A free probe is small and rotates rapidly in solution, causing greater depolarisation of the emitted light. Upon binding to galectin, the probe rotates more slowly and the measured polarisation increases. Monitoring this increase at different galectin concentrations allows the binding affinity of the probe to be determined.
To investigate binding selectivity, the binding of both probes to galectin-3 and galectin-1 was also evaluated. Both probes showed comparably high affinity for the target galectin-8. The fluorescein probe showed lower affinity for galectin-1 and galectin-3, whereas the results obtained with the BODIPY probe were less reliable.
A competitive fluorescence polarisation assay using three known galectin-8 inhibitors was performed to assess the suitability of the fluorescein probe for high-throughput screening. All three inhibitors displaced the probe from its complex with galectin-8 in a concentration-dependent manner. The determined inhibitor affinities were comparable to published values obtained using a tetrasaccharide fluorescent probe. The calculated Z and Z′ factor values supported the suitability of the competitive assay for high-throughput screening.
|