Problemi odraslih pacientov in njihovih neformalnih oskrbovalcev pri enteralnem prehranjevanju na domu

Milinkov, Olivera (avtor), Vičič, Vid (mentor)

Uvod: Enteralno prehranjevanje na domu omogoča dolgotrajno prehransko podporo pacientom, ki po oralni poti ne morejo zagotoviti ustreznega prehranskega vnosa. Njegovo varno in uspešno izvajanje zahteva ustrezno pripravo pacientov in njihovih neformalnih oskrbovalcev, pridobitev potrebnih znanj in veščin ter kontinuirano strokovno podporo, saj vpliva na različne vidike njihovega vsakodnevnega življenja. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je raziskati, kako lahko z intervencijami zdravstvene nege pozitivno vplivamo na izvajanje enteralnega prehranjevanja pacientov na domu. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo s pregledom mednarodne znanstvene literature. Literaturo smo iskali v bibliografskih podatkovnih zbirkah MEDLINE in CINAHL Ultimate. V končno analizo je bilo vključenih 11 člankov. Rezultati: Pregled literature je pokazal, da se pacienti pri enteralnem prehranjevanju na domu srečujejo z zapleti, povezanimi s hranilno sondo in prebavnim traktom, ter psihološkimi in socialnimi problemi, ki vplivajo na njihovo vsakodnevno življenje. Neformalni oskrbovalci so poročali predvsem o čustveni in socialni obremenjenosti, strahu in negotovosti pri izvajanju oskrbe ter pomanjkanju znanja in praktičnih veščin. Na področju strokovne obravnave so se kot pomembni pokazali ustrezna priprava in usposabljanje pred odpustom, dostopnost strokovne podpore ter spremljanje po odpustu. K boljši pripravljenosti pacientov in njihovih neformalnih oskrbovalcev so prispevali tudi strukturirani kontrolni seznami, praktično usposabljanje in video vsebine. Razprava in zaključek: Varno in uspešno izvajanje enteralnega prehranjevanja na domu zahteva celostno in kontinuirano strokovno obravnavo, ki se začne z ustrezno pripravo pacientov in njihovih neformalnih oskrbovalcev pred odpustom ter nadaljuje s podporo v domačem okolju. Pomembni so individualizirana zdravstvena vzgoja, preverjanje pripravljenosti na samostojno izvajanje enteralnega prehranjevanja ter dostopnost strokovne pomoči po odpustu. Uporaba standardiziranih kontrolnih seznamov lahko prispeva k boljši pripravi na odpust, pri čemer mora biti obravnava prilagojena potrebam in zmožnostim posameznika. Pomanjkanje raziskav na tem področju v slovenskem prostoru kaže na potrebo po nadaljnjem raziskovanju ter razvoju sistematične in multidisciplinarne strokovne obravnave pacientov na enteralnem prehranjevanju na domu in njihovih neformalnih oskrbovalcev.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: zdravstvena vzgoja, strokovna obravnava, hranilna sonda, multidisciplinarni pristop
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2026
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-189627
• Datum objave v RUL: 11.10.2026

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Problems of adult patients and their informal caregivers in home enteral nutrition

Izvleček

Introduction: Home enteral nutrition provides long-term nutritional support to patients who cannot meet their nutritional requirements through oral intake. Its safe and effective implementation requires adequate preparation of patients and their informal caregivers, acquisition of the necessary knowledge and skills, and continuous professional support, as it affects various aspects of daily life. Purpose: The aim of this diploma work was to investigate how nursing interventions can positively influence the implementation of home enteral nutrition. Methods: A descriptive method based on a review of international scientific literature was used. The literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE and CINAHL Ultimate bibliographic databases. A total of 11 articles were included in the final analysis. Results: The literature review showed that patients receiving home enteral nutrition experience feeding tube-related and gastrointestinal complications, as well as psychological and social problems that affect their daily lives. Informal caregivers mainly reported emotional and social burden, fear and uncertainty when providing care, and a lack of knowledge and practical skills. In terms of professional care, adequate preparation and training before discharge, access to professional support, and follow-up after discharge were identified as important. Structured checklists, practical training, and video-based educational materials also contributed to better preparedness of patients and their informal caregivers. Discussion and conclusion: The safe and effective implementation of home enteral nutrition requires comprehensive and continuous professional care, beginning with adequate preparation of patients and their informal caregivers before discharge and continuing with support in the home setting. Individualized patient education, assessment of readiness to independently manage enteral nutrition, and access to professional assistance after discharge are important. The use of standardized checklists may contribute to better discharge preparation, while care should be tailored to the needs and abilities of each individual. The lack of research in this field in Slovenia highlights the need for further research and the development of systematic, multidisciplinary professional care for patients receiving home enteral nutrition and their informal caregivers.

• Ključne besede: patient education, professional care, feeding tube, multidisciplinary approach