Introduction: Thoracic drainage is an important invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedure used in various pathological conditions of the chest to remove air, fluid, or blood from the pleural space and enable lung re-expansion. Despite its frequent use in clinical practice, variations in knowledge and practices of healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, may affect patient safety and treatment outcomes. Purpose: The purpose of this diploma thesis was to present different types of thoracic drainage systems and to define the role of nurses in their proper and safe management, with an emphasis on ensuring high-quality nursing care and preventing complications. Methods: We used a descriptive method based on a literature review. We searched for literature in the PubMed, MEDLINE and EBSCOhost databases and using the Google Scholar search engine. We included six scientific articles that met the inclusion criteria and addressed thoracic drainage systems in connection with nursing care. In the analysis, we focused primarily on the role of nurses in managing different types of thoracic drainage systems and on the most common complications, their recognition, and appropriate interventions. Results: We found that nurses play a key role throughout the comprehensive care of patients with thoracic drainage, including patient preparation, health education, continuous monitoring of the patient's clinical condition, supervision of the thoracic drainage system function, and early recognition and prevention of complications. Proper management is essential, as incorrect handling may lead to complications such as infections, drain obstruction or deterioration of the patient's condition and, consequently, prolong hospitalization. We also found that different types of thoracic drainage systems require nurses to understand their specific characteristics and operating principles, as this knowledge is essential for correct interpretation of changes and timely nursing interventions. Discussion: We conclude that adequate professional knowledge and continuous education of nurses are essential for the safe and effective use of thoracic drainage systems, especially with the increasing use of modern digital systems. Appropriate training enables nurses to recognise abnormalities and complications at an early stage and contributes to safer care of patients with thoracic drainage. Conclusion: By improving knowledge and standardising procedures, the risk of complications can be reduced, treatment outcomes can be improved and a consistently higher quality and safety of nursing care can be ensured.
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