This master's thesis investigates the response of unreinforced masonry built with clay hollow blocks bonded with polyurethane (PU) adhesive under horizontal loading. The main objective is to build a 3D numerical model capable of simulating the mechanical response of masonry, including an adequate representation of load-bearing capacity, deformability and damage evolution under increasing lateral loading. The model is validated against the results of previously conducted experimental tests, which include shear and compression tests as well as cyclic shear tests on masonry piers subjected to different levels of vertical precompression. The numerical analyses are performed in Abaqus/Explicit using a simplified 3D micro-modelling approach. The masonry units are modelled with three-dimensional finite elements, and their nonlinear behaviour is described by the Concrete Damaged Plasticity (CDP) model. The interfaces between the units are modelled as contact interactions that account for cohesion, friction and progressive degradation of the joint. The material and contact parameters are determined from experimental results and a sensitivity analysis. The developed model is used to simulate masonry piers under three levels of compressive stress, corresponding to 10%, 15% and 20% of the characteristic compressive strength of masonry. The comparison between the numerical and experimental responses validates the model's ability to predict the force-drift response and the characteristic damage mechanisms. The developed model can be used to assess the seismic response of unreinforced masonry of arbitrary geometry and boundary conditions, and is a good substitute for, or complement to, experimental research.
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