Messenger RNA (mRNA) acts as a link between the genetic information, stored in a DNA molecule, and the proteins for which this information codes. Due to its transient expression and inability to integrate into the host genome, mRNA is attractive for various therapeutic applications like vaccines, cancer immunotherapies, and cellular reprogramming. mRNA molecules are synthetically produced via in vitro transcription (IVT) reaction, which is, due to its complex nature and high cost, well‑suited for optimization with design of experiments (DOE) approach. In this bachelor's thesis, we wanted to optimize the reaction by reducing the amount of CleanCap Reagent AG used for co‑transcriptional capping of mRNA and subsequently increasing cost efficiency, while maintaining a high proportion of capped product and limiting the formation of immunogenic byproduct, double‑stranded RNA (dsRNA). As 5' capping is crucial for the quality and safety of mRNA therapeutics, our minimum requirement for capping efficiency was 95%. For the purpose of optimization, we performed 20 batch IVT reactions, producing mRNA coding for enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), and investigated the effect of various reaction parameters using a DOE software, MODDE. We found that low ratio of Mg2+ and NTP concentations enables us to lower the consumption of CleanCap AG without sacrificing high capping efficiency. At the same time, the low ratio limits the formation of dsRNA and doesn’t seem to have a negative impact on reaction yield. Furthermore, we determined the optimal setpoint of the reaction and successfully validated it on mRNA construct coding for eGFP, and partially validated it on constructs coding for luciferase and SARS‑CoV‑2 spike protein. In regard to the amount of produced mRNA, we achieved a 25 % reduction in consumption of reagent CleanCap AG, compared to the original protocol of reagent manufacturer.
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