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Dejavnosti, ki spodbujajo razvijanje grafomotoričnih spretnosti pri otrocih, starih od 4 do 6 let : diplomsko delo
ID Pirc, Hana (Avtor), ID Petek, Tomaž (Mentor) Več o mentorju... Povezava se odpre v novem oknu

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Izvleček
Grafomotorične spretnosti predstavljajo pomemben del otrokovega celostnega razvoja in eno izmed pomembnih predopismenjevalnih sposobnosti, saj omogočajo razvoj natančnih in usklajenih gibov, potrebnih za kasnejše učenje pisanja. Njihov razvoj je povezan predvsem z razvojem fine motorike, koordinacije oko-roka, vidnega zaznavanja, prostorske orientacije ter ustreznim nadzorom gibov rok in prstov. V predšolskem obdobju imajo pri spodbujanju teh spretnosti pomembno vlogo raznolike, starosti primerne in načrtovane dejavnosti. Namen diplomskega dela je bil raziskati pomen in načine spodbujanja razvoja fine motorike in grafomotorike pri otrocih, starih od 4 do 6 let. Cilj raziskave je bil ugotoviti začetno raven finomotoričnih in grafomotoričnih spretnosti otrok, ugotoviti razlike med otroki različnih starosti, spremljati njihove odzive med izvajanjem dejavnosti ter preveriti, v kolikšni meri izbrane dejavnosti spodbujajo razvoj omenjenih spretnosti. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 15 otrok, starih od 4 do 6 let, ki so obiskovali Vrtec Ciciban, enoto Čebelica. Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda raziskovanja in kombinirani raziskovalni pristop. Podatki so bili zbrani z neposrednim opazovanjem otrok pri petih dejavnostih, izvedenih med marcem in junijem 2026. Dejavnosti so vključevale začetno in zaključno sledenje linijam, rezanje po linijah, lepljenje po linijah ter odtiskovanje po linijah. Pri opazovanju so bila spremljana naslednja področja: uporaba pisala oziroma orodja, koordinacija oko-roka, natančnost in kontrola gibov ter samostojnost pri izvedbi naloge. Posamezne spretnosti so bile vrednotene z ocenami od 1 do 3, pri čemer je ocena 1 pomenila nesamostojno izvedbo, ocena 2 delno samostojno izvedbo in ocena 3 samostojno izvedbo. Rezultati so pokazali, da so starejši otroci, stari od 5 do 6 let, pri vseh dejavnostih v povprečju dosegli višje rezultate kot mlajši otroci, stari od 4 do 5 let. Najvišje skupno povprečje je bilo doseženo pri zaključnem sledenju linijam (2,32), sledili sta dejavnosti lepljenja po linijah (2,23) in rezanja po linijah (2,22), najnižje povprečje pa je bilo doseženo pri odtiskovanju po linijah (1,95). Pri primerjavi začetnega in zaključnega sledenja linijam se je skupno povprečje izboljšalo z 2,10 na 2,32. Čeprav razlike niso bile velike, so bile pri posameznih otrocih opazne izboljšave predvsem pri pravilnem prijemu pisala, samostojnosti, samozavesti in zanesljivosti pri izvajanju naloge. Otroci so pri zaključni dejavnosti navodila bolje razumeli, potrebovali manj dodatnega usmerjanja ter bili pri delu bolj sproščeni in motivirani. Ugotovitve raziskave kažejo, da raznolike grafomotorične dejavnosti predstavljajo pomembno možnost za spodbujanje razvoja fine motorike, koordinacije oko-roka, natančnosti in samostojnosti pri predšolskih otrocih. Večjih sprememb v kratkem obdobju izvajanja dejavnosti ni bilo, kar kaže na postopnost razvoja grafomotoričnih spretnosti. Kljub temu so bile pri posameznih otrocih opazne pozitivne spremembe, zato je smiselno grafomotorične dejavnosti sistematično, raznoliko in dolgoročno vključevati v vsakodnevno delo v vrtcu.

Jezik:Slovenski jezik
Ključne besede:motorične sposobnosti, grafomotorika, fina motorika, predšolsko obdobje, grafomotorične dejavnosti, koordinacija oko-roka, opismenjevanje
Vrsta gradiva:Diplomsko delo/naloga
Tipologija:2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
Kraj izida:Ljubljana
Založnik:H. Pirc
Leto izida:2026
Št. strani:71 str.
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-187980 Povezava se odpre v novem oknu
UDK:373.2(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:291605507 Povezava se odpre v novem oknu
Datum objave v RUL:17.09.2026
Število ogledov:99
Število prenosov:20
Metapodatki:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
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Sekundarni jezik

Jezik:Angleški jezik
Naslov:Activities promoting the development of graphomotor skills in children aged 4–6 years
Izvleček:
Graphomotor skills represent an important part of a child’s overall development and one of the key pre-literacy skills, as they enable the development of precise and coordinated movements required for the later acquisition of writing skills. Their development is primarily associated with the development of fine motor skills, hand-eye coordination, visual perception, spatial orientation, and appropriate control of hand and finger movements. During the preschool period, a variety of age-appropriate and planned activities play an important role in fostering these skills. The purpose of the thesis was to examine the importance of and ways of promoting the development of fine motor and graphomotor skills in children aged 4 to 6 years. The aim of the research was to determine the initial level of the children’s fine motor and graphomotor skills, identify differences between children of different ages, monitor their responses while carrying out the activities, and determine the extent to which the selected activities promote the development of the mentioned skills. The study included 15 children aged 4 to 6 years who attended Ciciban Kindergarten, Čebelica Unit. A descriptive research method and a mixed-methods research approach were used. Data were collected through direct observation of the children during five activities carried out between March and June 2026. The activities included initial and final tracing, cutting along lines, gluing along lines, and stamping along lines. The observed areas included the use of a writing instrument or tool, hand-eye coordination, precision and control of movements, and independence in completing the task. Individual skills were assessed on a scale from 1 to 3, where a score of 1 indicated an inability to perform the task independently, a score of 2 indicated partially independent performance, and a score of 3 indicated independent performance. The results showed that the older children, aged 5 to 6 years, achieved higher average scores than the younger children, aged 4 to 5 years, in all activities. The highest overall average score was achieved in the final line-tracing activity (2.32), followed by gluing along lines (2.23) and cutting along lines (2.22), while the lowest average score was achieved in stamping along lines (1.95). When comparing the initial and final line-tracing activities, the overall average improved from 2.10 to 2.32. Although the differences were not substantial, improvements were observed in individual children, particularly in the correct grip of the writing instrument, independence, confidence, and reliability when performing the task. During the final activity, the children understood the instructions better, required less additional guidance, and were more relaxed and motivated while working. The findings of the study indicate that a variety of graphomotor activities provide an important opportunity to promote the development of fine motor skills, hand-eye coordination, precision, and independence in preschool children. No major changes were observed over the short period during which the activities were carried out, indicating that the development of graphomotor skills is a gradual process. Nevertheless, positive changes were observed in individual children. Therefore, it is advisable to systematically, diversely, and consistently incorporate graphomotor activities into everyday work in kindergarten over a longer period.

Ključne besede:graphomotor skills, fine motor skills, preschool period, graphomotor activities, hand-eye coordination, literacy development

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