This thesis presents a systematic and comparable review of thirteen insulation materials used in construction for acoustic protection. The theoretical part introduces the physical fundamentals of sound and hearing, the legislative framework for sound protection in buildings, and approaches to sound insulation of individual building elements and building types according to their use. In the central part, each material is presented individually, including its origin, structure, production process, advantages and disadvantages, and a unified set of acoustic and physical parameters (density, weighted sound absorption coefficient, dynamic stiffness, improvement of impact sound insulation, and airflow resistivity). Based on these data, a comparative analysis ranks the materials both by individual parameters and by cell structure. The central finding is that a material's acoustic behaviour is determined primarily by its structure rather than its origin or density: materials with an open, interconnected structure dissipate sound energy through friction and therefore perform well as absorbers, while closedcell materials, despite poor absorption, function successfully as elastic layers for impact sound damping due to their controlled elasticity. The thesis also highlights the uneven availability of data among materials. The results provide a transparent, data-based basis for selecting insulation materials according to their specific purpose within a building structure.
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