This thesis examines the civilization of the Aztecs and their history, from their migration from Aztlan to the Valley of Mexico and to their eventual downfall in 1521. The Aztecs were one of the most significant civilizations of pre-Columbian America, creating a powerful empire in the
territory of present-day Mexico with a highly developed social, economic, and religious system. Their migration lasted approximately two centuries, and upon reaching their final destination, they built the magnificent city of Tenochtitlan. The city was constructed on islands on the Lake Texcoco and was considered one of the most beautiful, advanced, and well-organized cities of its time. Through warfare, the Aztecs became the strongest and most dominant power in the region. Their empire stretched from the coast of the Gulf of Mexico in the east, to the Pacific
Ocean in the west, while in the south, it extended as far as the Yucatán Peninsula. Their culture developed over centuries and reached its peak during the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, shortly before the arrival of the conquistadors. However, they did not develop their rich culture entirely on their own, as many aspects and traditions were inherited from the peoples who inhabited the Valley of Mexico before them. The Toltecs were especially influential in this regard. The Aztec Empire was known for its military strength, rich mythology, remarkable
architecture, and complex political system that connected numerous subjugated peoples. In addition, this thesis also discusses their economy, which was primarily based on agriculture, trade, and a system of tribute. Understanding Aztec civilization provides a deeper insight into
the history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas and the development of complex societies outside the European world. Although their empire rapidly collapsed following the arrival of the Spanish, the Aztecs left behind an important cultural legacy that remains visible today in
Mexican culture, language, and traditions.
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