The thesis discusses the influence of different hardening processes on the performance properties of nonwoven textiles made from 100% polyester fibres, with a focus on their potential use as support materials in internal insulation systems. Six preliminary samples were analysed: sample 1 was mechanically hardened by needling, samples 2 and 6 were thermally hardened by hot air, sample 4 was hardened by calendering, and samples 3 and 5 were hardened by a combination of hot air hardening and calendering. The weight of the samples ranged from 100 to 160 g/m², and the thickness from 0.85 to 1.71 mm. Sample 1 achieved the maximum average thickness of 1.71 mm and the greatest surface openness of 10.52%. The highest air permeability was achieved by sample 4 (199.9 l/h), followed by sample 6 (170.6 l/h) and sample 5 (136.0 l/h), while the lowest was recorded for sample 3 (122.8 l/h). The highest water vapour permeability was achieved by sample 6 (73.96 g/(m²·h)), and the lowest by sample 3 (56.21 g/(m²·h)). In measurements of thermal conductivity, sample 1 had the highest average value of 0.377 W/(m·K), followed by sample 4 with 0.245 W/(m·K), sample 2 with 0.242 W/(m·K), sample 3 with 0.228 W/(m·K), sample 6 with 0.220 W/(m·K), and sample 5 with the lowest value of 0.216 W/(m·K). The results confirm that the hardening process has a significant impact on the structure, permeability and thermal properties of nonwovens, with the combination of hot air hardening and calendering providing a favourable balance between mechanical stability and thermal properties. Due to the small thickness of the investigated samples, approximately 1 mm, and the measured thermal conductivity values, these materials cannot be considered independent thermal insulation materials for use in construction. Instead, their intended role is primarily as support materials in multi-component internal insulation systems, where their structural, mechanical and transport properties can contribute to the functionality of the entire system. The research is primarily comparative and demonstrates that appropriate selection and combination of hardening processes can tailor the properties of thin nonwovens to the requirements of their intended application.
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