Vpliv prehrane na tveganje za nastanek poškodb zaradi pritiska : diplomsko delo

Grandovec, Ana (avtor), Vičič, Vid (mentor), Ravljen, Mirjam (recenzent)

Uvod: Poškodbe zaradi pritiska predstavljajo pomemben zdravstveni problem, povezan s težjim okrevanjem, bolečinami, slabšo kakovostjo življenja pacientov in večjo obremenitvijo zdravstvenega sistema. Nastanek poškodb zaradi pritiska je odvisen od več dejavnikov, pomembno vlogo pa ima tudi prehrana. Neustrezna prehranjenost, nizek energijski in beljakovinski vnos ter neustrezna prehrana lahko povečajo tveganje za nastanek poškodb zaradi pritiska. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je analizirati vpliv prehrane na tveganje za razvoj poškodb zaradi pritiska ter predlagati učinkovite intervencije. Cilj diplomskega dela je pregledati znanstveno in strokovno literaturo ter pripraviti priporočila za prehrano pacientov s tveganjem za razvoj poškodb zaradi pritiska. Metode dela: Na podlagi sistematičnega pregleda literature smo analizirali članke, pridobljene z načrtovanim postopkom iskanja in izbora literature v podatkovnih bazah PubMed in EBSCOhost. V podatkovni bazi PubMed je bilo najdenih 1765 zadetkov, v EBSCOhost pa 1273. Izmed vseh zadetkov je kriterijem (angleški jezik, objava med majem 1996 in majem 2026, randomizirane kontrolirane raziskave ter druge klinične študije in raziskave, ki preučujejo vpliv prehrane na preprečevanje ali tveganje za nastanek poškodb zaradi pritiska) ustrezalo 5 zadetkov. Iskanje je potekalo z Boolovimi operatorji. Rezultati: Od petih raziskav so se štiri neposredno ukvarjale s preprečevanjem poškodb zaradi pritiska, ena pa je preverjala izvedljivost intervencije, ki vpliva na preventivo poškodb zaradi pritiska. Prehranske intervencije so najpogosteje pokazale izboljšanje prehranskega vnosa, zmanjšana pojavnost poškodb zaradi pritiska pa je bila dokazana le v nekaterih raziskavah. Razprava: Rezultati pregleda literature kažejo, da prehranska podpora predstavlja pomemben del preprečevanja poškodb zaradi pritiska, vendar neposredni vpliv prehrane ni enotno potrjen. Najbolj se je pokazalo izboljšanje energijskega in beljakovinskega vnosa. Učinek na zmanjšanje poškodb zaradi pritiska je odvisen od vrste intervencije, značilnosti pacientov in časa uvedbe prehranske podpore. Prehranska podpora ne predstavlja samostojnega ukrepa, temveč del celostnega preprečevanja poškodb zaradi pritiska. Zaključek: Ustrezna prehranska obravnava lahko prispeva k zmanjšanju tveganja za nastanek poškodb zaradi pritiska. Pomembno je zgodnje prepoznavanje prehranskega tveganja, spremljanje prehranskega vnosa in pravočasna uvedba prehranske podpore v povezavi z drugimi preventivnimi ukrepi.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, poškodbe zaradi pritiska, prehrana, prehranska podpora, preventiva
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [A. Grandovec]
• Leto izida: 2026
• Št. strani: VIII, 22 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-186668
• UDK: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 289986051
• Datum objave v RUL: 04.09.2026

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The role of nutrition in the risk of developing pressure ulcers : diploma work

Izvleček

: Pressure injuries represent a significant healthcare problem associated with delayed recovery, pain, reduced quality of life and an increased burden on the healthcare system. The development of pressure injuries depends on several factors, with nutrition playing an important role. Poor nutritional status, inadequate energy and protein intake, and overall inadequate nutrition may increase the risk of pressure injury development. Purpose: The aim of the thesis is to analyse the impact of nutrition on the risk of developing pressure injuries and to propose effective interventions. The objective of the thesis is to review scientific and professional literature and to prepare recommendations for the nutrition of patients at risk of developing pressure injuries. Methods: Based on a systematic literature review, we analysed articles obtained through a planned process of searching for and selecting literature in the PubMed and EBSCOhost databases. In the PubMed database, 1765 records were identified, and in EBSCOhost, 1273 records were identified. Of all identified records, 5 met the inclusion criteria (English language, publication between May 1996 and May 2026, randomised controlled trials, and other clinical studies and research investigating the impact of nutrition on the prevention of pressure injuries or the risk of their development). The search was conducted using Boolean operators. Results: Of the five studies, four directly addressed the prevention of pressure injuries, while one assessed the feasibility of an intervention influencing pressure injury prevention. Nutritional interventions most commonly demonstrated an improvement in nutritional intake, whereas a reduction in the incidence of pressure injuries was demonstrated only in some studies. Discussion: The results of the literature review indicate that nutritional support represents an important part of pressure injury prevention; however, the direct impact of nutrition has not been consistently confirmed. The most consistent finding was an improvement in energy and protein intake. The effect on reducing pressure injuries depends on the type of intervention, patient characteristics, and the timing of the initiation of nutritional support. Nutritional support does not represent an independent measure but rather a component of comprehensive pressure injury prevention. Conclusion: Appropriate nutritional management may contribute to reducing the risk of developing pressure injuries. Early identification of nutritional risk, monitoring nutritional intake, and timely implementation of nutritional support in combination with other preventive measures are important.

• Ključne besede: diploma theses, nursing care, pressure injuries, nutrition, nutritional support, prevention