Vpliv tehnologije pridelave na količino pridelka in vsebnost izbranih bioaktivnih snovi v listih poljskega maka (Papaver rhoeas)

Kolić, Manca (avtor), Šircelj, Helena (mentor), Kacjan Maršić, Nina (komentor)

Poljski mak (Papaver rhoeas L.) je plevel, ki se uporablja kot užitna divja rastlina. Poleg semen ponekod uživajo tudi mlade zelene liste, zato nas je zanimalo, ali bi se ga dalo pridelovati kot listnato zelenjadnico. V magistrski nalogi smo preverili, katera tehnologija pridelovanja bi bila zanj najustreznejša glede na količino pridelka ter vsebnosti izbranih bioaktivnih snovi in nitrata. Ugotavljali smo razlike med neposredno setvijo in pridelavo preko sadik ter preverili, ali poljski mak po rezi ponovno odžene in je možnih več rezi. Lončni poskus je potekal od 1. septembra do 1. decembra 2025 v steklenjaku Biotehniške fakultete UL. Primerjali smo dva različna sistema pridelave: v substratu in na hidroponskem sistemu (aeroponika) ter način zasnove posevka v substratu: neposredna setev in presajanje sadik. Liste za meritve vsebnosti zdravju koristnih snovi in škodljivega nitrata smo vzorčili, ko so bili dolgi približno 12 cm. Ugotovili smo, da je za gojenje poljskega maka najboljša pridelava v substratu, in sicer z neposredno setvijo, če želimo zgodnejši pridelek oziroma preko sadik, če želimo večjo maso rastlin. V 100 g svežih listov smo izmerili od 6,9 mg do 40,9 mg askorbinske kisline (vitamin C), od 6,9 mg do 22,9 mg karotenoidov, med njimi od 2,3 mg do 8,8 mg β-karotena (provitamin A), in od 31,8 mg do 92,1 mg klorofila. Količina zdravju škodljivega nitrata v listih je znašala od 2582 mg/kg sveže mase do 4576 mg/kg sveže mase. Potrdili smo, da poljski mak po rezi ponovno odžene in je možnih več rezi. Rezultati kažejo, da ima poljski mak velik potencial kot listnata zelenjava zaradi velike vsebnosti vitamina C in drugih bioaktivnih snovi. Vendar pa razmeroma visoke koncentracije nitratov opozarjajo na potrebo po nadaljnjih raziskavah, katerih cilj bi bil zmanjšati kopičenje nitratov, preden bi lahko poljski mak priporočili za širšo uporabo v prehrani.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: poljski mak, listi, tehnologija pridelave, pridelek, nitrat, bioaktivne snovi
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: BF - Biotehniška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2026
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-186655
• COBISS.SI-ID: 290363907
• Datum objave v RUL: 04.09.2026

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Effect of Cultivation Technology on Yield and Selected Bioactive Compounds in Leaves of Corn Poppy (Papaver rhoeas)

Izvleček

Corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas L.) is traditionally consumed as an edible wild plant. In addition to its seeds, young green leaves are consumed in some regions; therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate its potential as a cultivated leafy vegetable. The objective of the master’s thesis was to determine the most suitable cultivation technology for corn poppy based on yield performance and the content of selected bioactive compounds and nitrate. Differences between direct sowing and transplant production were evaluated, and the ability of plants to regrow after cutting, was investigated. The pot experiment took place from September 1 to December 1, 2025 in the greenhouse of the Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana. Two cultivation systems (substrate and hydroponics - aeroponics) and two cultivation methods (direct sowing and transplanting) were compared. Leaves approximately 12 cm in length were sampled for the determination of health-promoting compounds and nitrate content. The results showed that cultivation in substrate was more suitable than hydroponics. Direct sowing was the preferred cultivation method for earlier harvesting, whereas transplanting resulted in greater plant biomass. The content of bioactive compounds in 100 g of fresh leaves ranged from 6.9 mg to 40.9 mg of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), from 6.9 mg to 22.9 mg of total carotenoids, including 2.3 mg to 8.8 mg of β-carotene (provitamin A), and from 31.8 mg to 92.1 mg of chlorophyll. Nitrate concentrations ranged from 2582 mg/kg fresh weight to 4576 mg/kg fresh weight. The study confirmed that corn poppy has the ability to regrow after cutting, enabling multiple harvests. Overall, the results indicate that corn poppy has considerable potential as a leafy vegetable owing to its high content of vitamin C and other bioactive compounds. However, the relatively high nitrate concentrations highlight the need for further research aimed at reducing nitrate accumulation before the crop can be recommended for wider consumption.

• Ključne besede: corn poppy, leaves, cultivation technology, yield, nitrate, bioactive compounds