The thesis deals with the role of probiotics and prebiotics as nutritional supplements in freshwater fish and crustaceans aquaculture and their impact on growth, health and survival of organisms. The purpose of the thesis was to assess the effectiveness of these supplements based on a review of scientific literature and to define their mechanisms of action and possible applications in practice. The method of reviewing professional and scientific sources was used. It was found that probiotics, especially representatives of the genera Bacillus, Lactobacillus and Enterococcus and the yeast Saccharomyces, improve growth, feed utilization, immune response and reduce the incidence of diseases in freshwater organisms. In individual studies, mortality decreased, while hematological and growth parameters were also improved. Prebiotics such as inulin and fructooligosaccharides have a positive effect on the composition of the intestinal microbiota, which is reflected in better growth, greater clarity and improved antioxidant capacity. Both groups of dietary supplements also contribute to improving water quality and greater stress tolerance. Based on the collected findings, we conclude that probiotics and prebiotics represent an important factor in sustainable aquaculture and an effective alternative to the use of antibiotics.
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