Minimizing part deformation in laser deposition by evolutionary optimization of laser beam path

Potočnik, Primož (avtor), Nair, Anish (avtor), Jeromen, Andrej (avtor), Govekar, Edvard (avtor)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to apply an innovative evolutionary approach based on a genetic algorithm (GA) for optimizing laser beam (LB) paths in laser-based additive manufacturing (LBAM) with the aim of minimizing deformation of the manufactured part and demonstrating the proposed approach by finite element modeling (FEM) simulations. Design/methodology/approach – The study introduces a GA-based evolutionary approach for optimizing LB paths in LBAM processes. The optimization of the LB path is a critical factor influencing the quality of the additively manufactured part and the efficiency of the additive manufacturing (AM) process. This study approaches the problem by formulating the LB path optimization as a search for the optimal sequence of material deposition on a thin metal plate. The optimization objective is defined by a fitness function, which can be composed of various components. FEM simulations are applied to calculate the deformation of the metal plate due to laser deposition, based on which the fitness is calculated. Findings – The findings of this study, using the thermo-mechanical simulation results, indicate the improvements in the final geometry of the metal plate, e.g. decrease in the plate deformation, if the LB path is optimized. The GA-based optimization approach for the LBAM process exhibits improvement over traditional trial-and-error LB path formulations due to the automation of the LB path selection and optimization. Therefore, the proposed approach provides an efficient automated selection of LB paths in LBAM. Research limitations/implications – The study investigates the methods of optimizing the LB path in AM. The study is limited to numerical simulations, and future work will include extensive experimental validation to verify the proposed optimized LB path designs. The current study provides (via thermo-mechanical analysis) evidence of improvement in terms of deformation minimization for the considered part (metal plate). Originality/value – The proposed LB path optimization framework provides a systematic and automated approach to optimizing the LBAM process. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated by a thermo-mechanical simulation case study where a decrease in the final workpiece deformation is achieved. The simulations aim to identify LB paths that represent optimized solutions concerning the defined fitness criteria. The thermo-mechanical approach and the mechanism behind the reduced deformation are also discussed in detail.

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Ključne besede: additive manufacturing, laser beam paths, optimization, genetic algorithms, FEM thermo-mechanical simulation, workpiece deformation
• Vrsta gradiva: Članek v reviji
• Tipologija: 1.01 - Izvirni znanstveni članek
• Organizacija: FS - Fakulteta za strojništvo
• Status publikacije: Objavljeno
• Različica publikacije: Objavljena publikacija
• Leto izida: 2026
• Št. strani: Str. 2832-2845
• Številčenje: Vol. 43, no. 7
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-184708
• UDK: 621.791.72:004.942
• ISSN pri članku: 0264-4401
• DOI: 10.1108/EC-09-2024-0886
• COBISS.SI-ID: 251005699
• Datum objave v RUL: 14.07.2026

Gradivo je del revije

• Naslov: Engineering computations
• Skrajšan naslov: Eng. comput.
• Založnik: Emerald
• ISSN: 0264-4401
• COBISS.SI-ID: 25396480

Licence

• Licenca: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva 4.0 Mednarodna
• Povezava: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.sl
• Opis: To je standardna licenca Creative Commons, ki daje uporabnikom največ možnosti za nadaljnjo uporabo dela, pri čemer morajo navesti avtorja.

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: aditivna proizvodnja, poti laserskega žarka, optimizacija, genetski algoritmi, MKE termomehanska simulacija, deformacija obdelovanca

Projekti

• Financer: ARIS - Javna agencija za znanstvenoraziskovalno in inovacijsko dejavnost Republike Slovenije
• Številka projekta: P2-0241
• Naslov: Sinergetika kompleksnih sistemov in procesov