Roses (Rosa spp.) are among the most widely cultivated ornamental plants and represent a major source of essential oils used in the fragrance, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. However, the preservation and consistent quality of rose oil are challenged by factors such as genetic variability, susceptibility to diseases, environmental stress, and limitations associated with conventional propagation methods. These challenges highlight the need for efficient propagation systems capable of producing uniform, disease-free planting material. Micropropagation has emerged as an effective approach for the rapid multiplication and conservation of elite rose cultivars. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of cytokinin concentrations on in vitro shoot regeneration from nodal explants of rose. The results demonstrated that an intermediate cytokinin level produced the highest shoot proliferation, and the incorporation of gibberellic acid further improved shoot elongation. The optimized protocol enabled the generation of multiple shoots from a single explant, demonstrating the potential of this method for large-scale propagation and supporting sustainable production of high-quality rose plants for the floriculture and essential oil industries.
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