Preskrbljenost žensk z železom v rodni dobi v Sloveniji

Hašić, Majda (avtor), Lavriša, Živa (mentor)

Pomanjkanje železa je eno najpogostejših prehranskih pomanjkanj pri ženskah v rodni dobi. Ženske imajo v tem življenjskem obdobju povečane potrebe po železu zaradi rednih menstrualnih izgub in morebitnih nosečnosti. Na preskrbljenost z železom vplivajo tudi prehranski vzorci, kot sta vegetarijanska in veganska prehrana, ter socioekonomski dejavniki. Namen magistrske naloge je bil ovrednotiti prehranski vnos železa pri ženskah v rodni dobi v Sloveniji, in delež žensk, katerih prehranski vnos železa ne dosega priporočil, ter analizirati povezavo med načinom prehranjevanja, prehranskim vnosom železa in kazalniki preskrbljenosti z železom. V prvi del raziskave NutriFem je bilo vključenih 166 žensk, starih 20–49 let. Prehranski vnos energije in izbranih hranil smo ocenili z dvema 24-urnima priklicema jedilnika prejšnjega dne, preskrbljenost z železom z meritvami koncentracije hemoglobina in serumskega feritina v krvi. Večina vsejedih udeleženk in vegetarijank ni dosegla priporočenega dnevnega vnosa železa, medtem ko so veganke v povprečju zaužile več železa, vendar izključno v nehemski obliki. Koncentracije hemoglobina v krvi so bile pri večini udeleženk znotraj referenčnih vrednosti, nizke zaloge železa so bile pogostejše, zlasti pri udeleženkah z nizkim prehranskim vnosom železa. Rezultati tako nakazujejo trend povezave med nizkim prehranskim vnosom železa in večjo pojavnostjo nizke koncentracije hemoglobina, vendar zaradi majhnega števila primerov povezave ni bilo mogoče zanesljivo statistično ovrednotiti. Ugotovitve kažejo, da je nizek prehranski vnos železa izraziteje povezan z nizkimi zalogami železa, medtem ko koncentracija hemoglobina lahko ostane nespremenjena oziroma v referenčnem območju.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: prehrana, železo, ženske v rodni dobi, preskrbljenost, pomanjkanje, hemoglobin, serumski feritin, anemija
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: BF - Biotehniška fakulteta
• Založnik: [M. Hašić]
• Leto izida: 2026
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-183872
• UDK: 613.2-055.26:546.72
• COBISS.SI-ID: 282880771
• Datum objave v RUL: 20.06.2026

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Iron intake and status in females of reproductive age in Slovenia

Izvleček

Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies among women of reproductive age. Women in this life stage have increased iron requirements due to regular menstrual losses and potential pregnancies. Iron status is also influenced by dietary patterns, such as vegetarian and vegan diets, as well as socioeconomic factors. The aim of this master’s thesis was to evaluate dietary iron intake among women of reproductive age in Slovenia, to determine the proportion of women whose intake does not meet recommendations, and to analyse the association between dietary patterns, iron intake, and indicators of iron status. The first phase of the NutriFem study included 166 women aged 20–49 years. Dietary intake of energy and selected nutrients was assessed using two 24 hour dietary recalls, and iron status was evaluated by measuring haemoglobin concentration and serum ferritin levels. Most omnivorous participants and vegetarians did not meet the recommended daily iron intake, whereas vegans had a higher average intake, although exclusively in the non-haem form. Haemoglobin concentrations were within reference ranges for the majority of participants, while low iron stores were more common, particularly among those with low dietary iron intake. The results indicate a trend towards an association between low dietary iron intake and a higher prevalence of low haemoglobin concentration. However, due to the small number of cases, this association could not be reliably assessed statistically. The findings suggest that low dietary iron intake is more strongly associated with reduced iron stores, whereas haemoglobin concentration may remain unchanged or within the reference range.

• Ključne besede: nutrition, iron, females of reproductive ages, iron intake, iron status, iron deficiency, hemoglobin, serum ferritin, anemia