Telesna dejavnost žensk med nosečnostjo in po porodu : diplomsko delo

Vengust, Tinkara (avtor), Mlinar, Suzana (mentor), Birk Tot, Karin (komentor), Mihelič Zajec, Andreja (recenzent)

Uvod: Sodobne raziskave jasno kažejo, da je redna in zmerna telesna dejavnost v času nosečnosti ter po porodu varna in koristna. Telesna dejavnost dobro prispeva k boljšemu počutju, zmanjšanju nosečniških težav ter splošnemu zdravju ženske. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je opisati telesno dejavnost kot pomemben dejavnik za ohranjanje zdravja in dobrega počutja žensk v obdobju nosečnosti in po porodu. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela s pregledom znanstvene in strokovne literature v podatkovnih bazah MedLine/PubMed, ScienceDirect, CINAHL in COBIB/COBISS. Literatura je bila iskana v obdobju od maja 2025 do aprila 2026. Rezultati: Redna zmerna telesna dejavnost zmanjšuje tveganje za gestacijski diabetes, preeklampsijo, hipertenzivne motnje ter prekomerno povečanje telesne mase v nosečnosti, hkrati pa ne povečuje tveganja za prezgodnji porod. Poleg tega pozitivno vpliva na presnovno ravnovesje in splošno telesno pripravljenost nosečnice. Vpliva tudi na psihično zdravje, saj zmanjšuje simptome depresije, anksioznosti in utrujenosti ter prispeva k manjšemu tveganju za poporodno depresijo, kar izboljšuje splošno dobro počutje v obdobju nosečnosti in po porodu. Aerobna vadba, vadba v vodi in vadba za moč pozitivno vplivajo na kakovost življenja nosečnic in žensk v poporodnem obdobju, saj prispevajo k boljši gibljivosti, mišični moči in večji funkcionalni sposobnosti. Poleg telesne dejavnosti imajo pomembno vlogo tudi socialna podpora in življenjski slog, saj so višja socialna podpora, zdrav življenjski slog ter zgodnje zdravstveno svetovanje povezani z boljšim psihičnim in telesnim stanjem ter lažjim uravnavanjem telesne mase po porodu. Razprava in zaključek: V nosečnosti in poporodnem obdobju se raven telesne dejavnosti pogosto zmanjša, zato to obdobje v življenju ženske predstavlja ključno priložnost za spodbujanje zdravih življenjskih navad in ohranjanje ustrezne telesne mase. Pomembno vlogo imajo zdravstveni delavci, ki s svetovanjem, zdravstveno vzgojo in individualnim pristopom spodbujajo varno in redno telesno dejavnost ter prispevajo k zgodnjemu prepoznavanju dejavnikov tveganja in izboljšanju kakovosti življenja žensk v reproduktivnem obdobju.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, telesna dejavnost, nosečnost, nosečnice, otročnice, zdravje žensk, porod, rojstvo, poporodno okrevanje
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [T. Vengust]
• Leto izida: 2026
• Št. strani: VIII, 28 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-183797
• UDK: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 282182403
• Datum objave v RUL: 19.06.2026

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Physical activity of women during pregnancy and after birth : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Contemporary research clearly shows that regular and moderate physical activity during pregnancy and in the postpartum period is safe and beneficial. It contributes to improved well-being, reduces common pregnancy-related discomforts, and supports the overall health of women. Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to describe physical activity as an important factor in maintaining health and well-being among women during pregnancy and after childbirth. Methods The study is based on a descriptive method, involving a review of scientific and professional literature from the databases MedLine/PubMed, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, and COBIB/COBISS, collected between May and April 2026. Results: Regular moderate physical activity reduces the risk of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, hypertensive disorders, and excessive gestational weight gain, while not increasing the risk of preterm birth. In addition, it has a positive effect on metabolic balance and the overall physical fitness of pregnant women. It also benefits mental health by reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and fatigue, and contributes to a lower risk of postpartum depression, thereby improving overall well-being during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Aerobic exercise, aquatic exercise, and strength training positively influence the quality of life of pregnant and postpartum women, as they contribute to improved mobility, muscular strength, and greater functional capacity. In addition to physical activity, social support and lifestyle play an important role, as higher levels of social support, a healthy lifestyle, and early health counseling are associated with better mental and physical well-being and easier postpartum weight management. Discussion and conclusion: During pregnancy and the postpartum period, levels of physical activity often decrease; therefore, this stage in a woman’s life represents a key opportunity to promote healthy lifestyle habits and maintain an appropriate body weight. Healthcare professionals play an important role by providing counseling, health education, and an individualized approach to encourage safe and regular physical activity, as well as contributing to the early identification of risk factors and improving the quality of life of women in the reproductive period.

• Ključne besede: diploma theses, nursing care, physical activity, pregnancy, pregnant women, postpartum women, women's health, labor, birth, postpartum recovery