Pomen zdravega življenjskega sloga v predkoncepcijskem obdobju : diplomsko delo

Golob, Ajda (avtor), Petročnik, Petra (mentor), Vičič, Vid (recenzent)

Uvod: Predkoncepcijsko obdobje predstavlja ključno okno priložnosti za izboljšanje zdravja žensk pred zanositvijo, saj se pomembne faze razvoja zarodka odvijajo že v prvih tednih nosečnosti, ko ženska pogosto za nosečnost še ne ve. Zdrav življenjski slog, ki vključuje kakovostno prehrano in redno telesno aktivnost, lahko prispeva k zmanjšani obolevnosti in umrljivosti mater ter otrok. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je na podlagi pregleda strokovne in znanstvene literature preučiti učinek prehrane in telesne aktivnosti kot dejavnikov življenjskega sloga na predkoncepcijsko obdobje ter izide nosečnosti. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu je bila uporabljena opisna metoda dela s pregledom strokovne in znanstvene literature. Literatura je bila iskana v podatkovnih bazah DiKUL, PubMed in ScienceDirect. Iskali smo slovensko in angleško literaturo, izdano med letoma 2016 in 2026. Članki so bili izbrani glede na vsebinsko ustreznost, leto izdaje, jezik in dostopnost celotnega besedila. Potek izbora literature je prikazan s PRISMA diagramom, vse vključene študije pa so bile ovrednotene glede kakovosti. Rezultati: V pregled literature je bilo vključenih osem študij. Ugotovitve kažejo, da so kakovostni prehranski vzorci, bogati s sadjem, zelenjavo in polnovrednimi živili, ter ustrezna preskrbljenost s ključnimi mikrohranili povezani z nižjim tveganjem za gestacijsko hipertenzijo in gestacijski diabetes mellitus. Zmerna predkoncepcijska telesna aktivnost prav tako znižuje tveganje za gestacijski diabetes mellitus in neugodne izide nosečnosti, medtem ko pretirana vadba lahko zmanjša plodnost. Zaščitni učinki posameznih dejavnikov se med seboj dopolnjujejo in seštevajo. Kljub temu podatki kažejo, da le približno tretjina žensk dosega priporočeno raven telesne aktivnosti pred zanositvijo. Razprava in zaključek: Prehrana in telesna aktivnost v predkoncepcijskem obdobju sta pomembna zaščitna dejavnika za zdravje matere in otroka. Prehranske navade se ob nastopu nosečnosti večinoma ne spreminjajo, zato je ozaveščanje smiselno že pred zanositvijo. Babica ima pri tem ključno vlogo, saj lahko s celostnim pristopom prepoznava dejavnike tveganja in ženske spodbuja k zdravemu načinu življenja. Smiselno je razmišljati o sistemski vključitvi prehranskega in gibalnega svetovanja, vključno z mikrohranili, v rutinsko predkoncepcijsko obravnavo v Sloveniji.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: diplomska dela, babištvo, predkoncepcijsko obdobje, prehrana, telesna aktivnost, reproduktivno zdravje, izidi nosečnosti
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [A. Golob]
• Leto izida: 2026
• Št. strani: VIII, 51 str., [2] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-183393
• UDK: 618.2/.7
• COBISS.SI-ID: 281399555
• Datum objave v RUL: 12.06.2026

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The importance of a healthy lifestyle in the preconception period : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: The preconception period represents a critical window of opportunity for improving women's health before conception, as important stages of embryonic development occur in the first weeks of pregnancy, when a woman is often not yet aware of being pregnant. A healthy lifestyle, which includes a quality diet and regular physical activity, can contribute to reduced maternal and child morbidity and mortality. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma work is to examine the effects of diet and physical activity as lifestyle factors on the preconception period and pregnancy outcomes based on a review of professional and scientific literature. Methods: A descriptive method with a review of professional and scientific literature was used. The literature was searched in the DiKUL, PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. Slovenian and English literature published between years 2016 and 2026 was searched. Articles were selected based on content relevance, year of publication, language and availability of the full text. The literature selection process is presented with a PRISMA diagram, and all included studies were assessed for quality. Results: Eight studies were included in the literature review. The findings indicate that high-quality dietary patterns rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains, as well as adequate intake of key micronutrients, are associated with a lower risk of gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus. Moderate preconception physical activity also reduces the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes, whereas excessive exercise may decrease fertility. The protective effects of individual factors complement and accumulate. Nevertheless, data show that only approximately one-third of women achieve the recommended level of physical activity before conception. Discussion and conclusion: Diet and physical activity in the preconception period are important protective factors for maternal and child health. Dietary habits largely remain unchanged at the onset of pregnancy, which is why raising awareness is advisable before conception. The midwife plays a key role in this regard, as she can identify risk factors and encourage women to adopt a healthy lifestyle through a holistic approach. It is worth considering the systematic integration of nutritional and physical activity counselling, including micronutrients, into routine preconception care in Slovenia.

• Ključne besede: diploma theses, midwifery, preconception period, diet, physical activity, reproductive health, pregnancy outcomes