Privolitev športnikov k raziskovalni rabi odvzetih bioloških vzorcev na dopinških kontrolah: retrospektivna analiza obrazcev za kontrolo dopinga v Republiki Sloveniji v obdobju 2013–2024

Stanonik, Tea (avtor), Žiberna, Lovro (mentor)

Odvzeti biološki vzorci v okviru dopinške kontrole imajo poleg osnovnega protidopinškega pomena tudi potencialno vrednost za znanstveno raziskovanje. Raziskovalna raba takšnih vzorcev odpira pomembna etična, pravna in organizacijska vprašanja, zlasti glede informirane privolitve športnikov, varovanja zasebnosti ter zaupanja v protidopinške institucije. Namen naloge je bil preučiti, kateri dejavniki vplivajo na privolitev testiranih športnikov v raziskovalno rabo bioloških vzorcev, odvzetih v okviru dopinške kontrole. Retrospektivno smo analizirali 4615 obrazcev za kontrolo dopinga, ki jih je Slovenska antidoping organizacija (SLOADO) pridobila v okviru svojega nacionalnega protidopinškega programa v Republiki Sloveniji v obdobju 2013–2024. Iz obrazcev smo pridobili različne spremenljivke, kot so spol, starost, leto testiranja, vrsta testiranja, vrsta športa in športna disciplina, samodeklarirana zdravila, prehranska dopolnila in medicinski pripomočki, ki so jih športniki uporabili v zadnjem tednu pred testiranjem. Uporabili smo opisno statistiko, analizo časovnih trendov ter univariatno in hierarhično multivariatno logistično regresijo. Rezultati so pokazali, da je bil delež privolitve v raziskovalno rabo vzorcev visok, približno 80 % in skozi leta razmeroma stabilen, brez izrazitega naraščajočega ali upadajočega trenda. Demografski dejavniki (spol, starost) ter vrsta testiranja se niso izkazali kot pomembni napovedniki privolitve, medtem ko so se med športnimi kategorijami pokazale statistično značilne razlike. Večje število samodeklariranih izdelkov, zlasti zdravil, je bilo povezano z manjšo verjetnostjo privolitve, kar lahko odraža večjo previdnost športnikov pri razkrivanju in nadaljnji obdelavi občutljivejših informacij. Multivariatni modeli so imeli nizko diskriminacijsko moč, kar nakazuje, da na odločitve o privolitvi pomembno vplivajo tudi drugi dejavniki, ki v analizirani zbirki podatkov niso bili zajeti. Na podlagi naših rezultatov sklepamo, da je privolitev športnikov v raziskovalno rabo bioloških vzorcev v okviru dopinške kontrole razmeroma pogosta, vendar nanjo ne vplivajo le osnovne demografske in športne značilnosti. Za boljše razumevanje odločanja športnikov bodo potrebne nadaljnje raziskave, ki bodo vključevale tudi psihološke in komunikacijske dejavnike.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: dopinška kontrola, biološki vzorci, privolitev za raziskave, raziskovalna raba, športniki
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: FFA - Fakulteta za farmacijo
• Leto izida: 2026
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-183023
• Datum objave v RUL: 02.06.2026

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Athlete consent for the research use of biological samples collected during doping controls: A retrospective analysis of doping control forms in the Republic of Slovenia from 2013 to 2024

Izvleček

Biological samples collected during doping control may, in addition to their primary anti-doping purpose, also have value for scientific research. The research use of such samples raises important ethical, legal, and organizational issues, particularly with regard to athletes’ informed consent, privacy protection, and trust in anti-doping institutions. The aim of this thesis was to investigate factors associated with the consent of tested athletes to the research use of biological samples collected during doping control. We retrospectively analyzed 4615 doping control forms obtained by the Slovenian Anti-Doping Organization (SLOADO) within its national anti-doping program in the Republic of Slovenia during the period 2013–2024. From these forms, we extracted various variables, including sex, age, year of testing, type of testing, sport category and sport discipline, as well as self-declared medications, dietary supplements, and medical devices used by the athletes during the week preceding testing. We used descriptive statistics, time-trend analysis, and univariate and hierarchical multivariate logistic regression. The results showed that the proportion of consent to the research use of samples was high, approximately 80%, and remained relatively stable over the years, without a pronounced upward or downward trend. Demographic factors (sex and age) and the type of testing did not emerge as important predictors of consent. In contrast, statistically significant differences were observed between sports categories. In addition, a higher number of self-declared products, particularly medications, was associated with a lower likelihood of consent, which may reflect greater caution among athletes regarding the disclosure and further processing of more sensitive information. The multivariate models showed low discriminatory power, suggesting that the decision to consent is also importantly influenced by other factors not captured in the analyzed dataset. Based on our findings, we conclude that athletes’ consent to the research use of biological samples collected during doping control is relatively common; however, it is not determined solely by basic demographic and sport-related characteristics. A better understanding of athletes’ decision-making will require further research incorporating psychological and communication-related factors.

• Ključne besede: doping control, biological samples, consent for research, research use, athletes