Muscle oxygen saturation plateau : definition and verification in different oxygen availability conditions in locomotor and non-locomotor muscles

Kowalski, Tomasz (avtor), Rębiś, Kinga (avtor), Wilk, Adrian (avtor), Granda, Dominika (avtor), Białecki, Andrzej (avtor), Debevec, Tadej (avtor), Faiss, Raphael (avtor)

Novel wearable near-infrared spectroscopy devices allow for a better understanding of muscle oxygenation kinetics during exercise. A muscle oxygen saturation (SmO$_2$) plateau is often applied in the scientific literature, but clear criteria for its definition remain unestablished to date. The aim of this study was to develop criteria allowing for definition of SmO$_2$ plateaus. Multiple variables associated with physiological plateaus during exercise were assessed to develop a framework for an SmO$_2$ plateau. Subsequently, the existence of an SmO$_2$ plateau during 3 min all-out cycling trials (critical oxygenation plateau) was tested in different conditions of oxygen availability (i.e., normoxia and hypoxia) in vastus lateralis and triceps brachii among 30 endurance athletes. Plateau determination methods based on a threshold of change of ±5 arbitrary units (a.u.) of SmO$_2$ and expert visual assessment showed almost perfect agreement. However, a threshold of 10 a.u. yielded high SmO$_2$ variability associated with a large number of possibly false-positive detections. Conversely, relative changes (thresholds of 5% and 10%) did not align with other methods, corresponding to low absolute changes, limiting their applicability. The inter-rater agreement between individual visual assessments exhibited a higher reliability among expert versus non-expert raters. The determination of an SmO$_2$ plateau depends on the applied methodology. Overall, a critical oxygenation plateau was observed in the vastus lateralis in both normoxia and hypoxia in >90% of cases. The results of this study allow recommendation either for the use of a threshold of change corresponding to 5 a.u. of SmO$_2$ or expert visual assessment, using 30 s segments.

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Ključne besede: sport, critical oxygenation, critical power, elite athlete, exercise, hypoxia, near-infrared spestroscopy
• Vrsta gradiva: Članek v reviji
• Tipologija: 1.01 - Izvirni znanstveni članek
• Organizacija: FŠ - Fakulteta za šport
• Status publikacije: Objavljeno
• Različica publikacije: Objavljena publikacija
• Leto izida: 2026
• Št. strani: Str. 464-473
• Številčenje: Vol. 111, iss. 2
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-182511
• UDK: 796:616.12-008.44
• ISSN pri članku: 1469-445X
• DOI: 10.1113/EP092862
• COBISS.SI-ID: 247424259
• Datum objave v RUL: 14.05.2026

Gradivo je del revije

• Naslov: Experimental physiology
• Skrajšan naslov: Exp. physiol.
• Založnik: Wiley
• ISSN: 1469-445X
• COBISS.SI-ID: 517708569

Licence

• Licenca: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva 4.0 Mednarodna
• Povezava: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.sl
• Opis: To je standardna licenca Creative Commons, ki daje uporabnikom največ možnosti za nadaljnjo uporabo dela, pri čemer morajo navesti avtorja.

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: šport, kritična oksigenacija, kritična moč, vrhunski športnik, vadba, hipoksija, bližnja infrardeča spektroskopija

Projekti

• Financer: Poland, Ministry of Tourism and Sport
• Številka projekta: RPW/7830/2024