Ultrastrukturna in imunofluorescenčna analiza mitohondrijev pri raku sečnega mehurja : magistrsko delo

Viher, Ela (avtor), Zupančič, Daša (mentor)

Mitohondriji so organeli evkariontskih celic, torej tudi urotelijskih celic človeškega sečnega mehurja, ki so glavno mesto sinteze energetsko bogate molekule ATP (adenozin trifosfat). Glavna morfološka značilnost mitohondrijev je prisotnost dvojne membrane, v kateri se nahajajo pomembni proteinski translokatorji TIM (angl. translocator of the inner membrane) in TOM (angl. translocator of the outer membrane). V mitohondrijih se občasno pojavljajo tudi različni nefiziološki vključki, katerih vloga ni popolnoma znana. V normalnem in rakavem tkivu urotelija smo raziskali število vseh mitohondrijev in mitohondrijev z vključki v apikalni citoplazmi površinskih urotelijskih celic ter obliko in lokacijo mitohondrijev. S pomočjo presevne elektronske mikroskopije in analize slik smo odkrili, da je število vseh mitohondrijev v celicah invazivnega urotelijskega karcinoma visoke stopnje (T1, HG) in papilarne neoplazije nizkega malignega potenciala (PUNLMP) manjše kot pri neinvazivnem papilarnem karcinomu nizke stopnje (Ta, LG) in normalnem tkivu. Prisotnost mitohondrijskih vključkov smo opazili pri normalnem tkivu in vseh preiskovanih vzorcih z različnimi diagnozami raka sečnega mehurja, vendar je bilo število mitohondrijev z vključki večje pri invazivnem raku. Po imunofluorescenčnem označevanju proteina TOM20, ki se nahaja v zunanji mitohondrijski membrani, smo opazovali obliko in razporeditev mitohondrijev v urotelijskih celicah. Odkrili smo mitohondrije ovalne oblike in mitohondrijski retikulum. Ovalne mitohondrije smo našli v normalnem tkivu in vseh preiskovanih vzorcih rakavega tkiva, medtem ko smo mitohondrijski retikulum opazili samo v celicah invazivnega raka (T1, HG). Pri normalnem in neinvazivnem rakavem tkivu (PUNLMP; Ta, LG) se je večina ovalnih mitohondrijev nahajala apikalno nad jedrom, pri invazivnem raku (T1, HG) pa po celotni citoplazmi. Mitohondrijski retikulum se je pri invazivnem raku nahajal v vseh celicah urotelija v bazalnem delu celic ali pa razporejen po celotni citoplazmi.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: rak sečnega mehurja, površinske urotelijske celice, mitohondrijski vključki, TOM20, mitohondrijski retikulum
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: BF - Biotehniška fakulteta
• Status publikacije: Objavljeno
• Različica publikacije: Objavljena publikacija
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: E. Viher
• Leto izida: 2026
• Št. strani: 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (XII, [52] str.))
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-182209
• UDK: 616-006:576.311.347(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 276871171
• Datum objave v RUL: 01.05.2026

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Ultrastructural and immunofluorescence analysis of mitochondria in bladder cancer : M. Sc. thesis

Izvleček

Mitochondria are organelles of eukaryotic cells, including urothelial cells of the human urinary bladder, which are the main site of synthesis of the energy-rich molecule ATP (adenosine triphosphate). The main morphological feature of mitochondria is the presence of a double membrane, which contains important protein translocators TIM (translocator of the inner membrane) and TOM (translocator of the outer membrane). Various non-physiological inclusions occasionally appear in mitochondria, whose role is not fully understood. In normal and cancerous urothelial tissue, we investigated the number of all mitochondria and mitochondria with inclusions in the apical cytoplasm of superficial urothelial cells, as well as the shape and location of mitochondria. Using transmission electron microscopy and image analysis, we found that the number of all mitochondria in cells of invasive high-grade urothelial carcinoma (T1, HG) and papillary neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP) is lower than in non-invasive low-grade papillary carcinoma (Ta, LG) and normal tissue. We observed the presence of mitochondrial inclusions in normal tissue and in all examined samples with different diagnoses of bladder cancer, but the number of mitochondria with inclusions was higher in invasive cancer. After immunofluorescent labelling of the TOM20 protein, which is in the outer mitochondrial membrane, we observed the shape and distribution of mitochondria in urothelial cells. We discovered oval mitochondria and mitochondrial reticulum. Oval mitochondria were found in normal tissue and in all examined cancer tissue samples, while mitochondrial reticulum was observed only in invasive cancer cells (T1, HG). In normal and non-invasive cancer tissue (PUNLMP; Ta, LG), most oval mitochondria were located apically above the nucleus, while in invasive cancer (T1, HG) they were distributed throughout the cytoplasm. In invasive cancer, the mitochondrial reticulum was located in all urothelial cells in the basal part of the cells or distributed throughout the cytoplasm.

• Ključne besede: urothelium, urinary bladder cancer, superficial urothelial cells, mitochondria, mitochondrial inclusions, TOM20, mitochondrial reticulum