Vpliv krmnih obrokov na rast in klavne lastnosti bikov cikaste in lisaste pasme : magistrsko delo

Gašić Kranjc, Vanja (avtor), Žgur, Silvester (mentor)

V magistrski nalogi smo proučili vpliv različnih krmnih obrokov na rast in klavno kakovost bikov cikaste in lisaste pasme. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih po 30 bikov cikaste in lisaste pasme, ki so bili znotraj vsake pasme razdeljeni v 3 skupine po 10 bikov. Prvo skupino smo krmili s krmnim obrokom INT (travno in koruzno silažo, koruzo, ječmenom ter rudninsko vitaminskim dodatkom) ves čas raziskave, drugo z EXT obrokom (travno silažo in rudninsko vitaminskim dodatkom ) medtem, ko je bila tretja PAŠA na celodnevni paši od maja do oktobra, od oktobra dalje pa sta tudi skupini EXT in PAŠA dobivali enak obrok kot INT skupina. Spremljali smo rast in klavne lastnosti po zakolu, ki je bil opravljen pri enaki ravni dopitanosti. Lisasti biki so bili zaklani pri starosti 721 dni in so dosegli 656 kg, cikasti biki pa pri starosti 744 dni in telesni masi 636 kg. Med skupinami so bili ob zakolu najstarejši (755 dni) biki iz skupine EXT, najtežji (671 kg) pa biki skupine INT. Cikasti biki so rastli nekoliko počasneje kot lisasti. V celotnem obdobju je ta razlika znašala 60 g/dan oziroma 8 %. Cikasti biki so dosegli podobno klavnost, maso toplih polovic, delež polnih predželodcev ter siriščnika, delež praznega vampa, ter kapice, oceno za mesnatost in indeks konformacije. Imeli pa so za en podrazred višjo oceno za zamaščenost in tudi večji delež ledvičnega, medeničnega ter skupnega maščobnega tkiva v klavnih polovicah in manjši delež glave. Po drugi strani pa so cikasti biki imeli manjši delež kosti in kit, tako da med pasmama ni bilo razlik v deležu mesa. Barva mesa se med obema pasmama ni razlikovala. Cikasti biki pa so imeli nekoliko nižjo pH vrednost 24 ur po zakolu, večjo marmoriranost in nekoliko večjo izcejo po 24 urah v dolgi hrbtni mišici. Vpliv interakcije med vrsto obroka in pasmo je bil značilen tako za priraste kot klavne lastnosti in lastnosti mesa. Lisasti biki skupine INT so dosegli v povprečju nekoliko boljše klavne lastnosti, pri cikastih bikih pa je nekoliko odstopala skupina EXT bikov.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: govedo, pasme, cikasto govedo, lisasto govedo, biki, krmni obrok, rast, klavna kakovost
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: BF - Biotehniška fakulteta
• Status publikacije: Objavljeno
• Različica publikacije: Objavljena publikacija
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: V. Gašić Kranjc
• Leto izida: 2026
• Št. strani: 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (X, [33] str.))
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-182082
• UDK: 636.2(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 276503811
• Datum objave v RUL: 24.04.2026

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The effect of feeding rations on growth performance and carcass characteristics of Cika and Simmental : M. Sc. thesis

Izvleček

In this master's thesis, the effect of different feeding rations in the Cika and Simmental bulls on growth performance and carcass characteristics was investigated. Thirty Cika and Simmental bulls were included in the study and divided into three groups of 10 bulls each. The first group received an INT feed ration (grass and maize silage, maize, barley and mineral-vitamin supplement) throughout the fattening period, the second group an EXT feed ration (grass silage and mineral-vitamin supplement) and the third group PAŠA (all-day grazing from May to October). At the end of the grazing period in October, both the EXT and PAŠA groups received the same feeding ration as the first INT group. The growth rate and carcass characteristics were recorded after slaughter at the same degree of fatness. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS statistical software and the GLM procedure. Fixed effects of breed, feeding ration and their interaction were included in the model. Simmental bulls were slaughtered at 721 days of age and 656 kg live weight, Cika bulls at 744 days of age and 636 kg. Of the three groups, the bulls in the EXT group were the oldest at slaughter (755 days), while the bulls in the INT group were the heaviest (671 kg). Cika bulls grew slightly slower than Simmental bulls. Over the entire period, this difference amounted to 60 g/day or 8 %. The Cika bulls achieved a similar percentage of finishing weight, warm carcass weight, ratio of full forestomach with abomasum, ration of empty rumen and reticulum, carcass conformation score and conformation index. At the same time, they had a one subclass higher carcass fatness, a higher proportion of kidney and pelvic fat, a higher proportion of fat tissue in the carcass and a lower proportion of the head. On the other hand, Cika bulls had a lower proportion of bone and tendons in the carcass, so there was no difference in the lean meat percentage in the carcass. The colour of the meat did not differ between the breeds. Cika bulls had a slightly lower pH value 24 hours post slaughter, a higher marbling value and a higher drip loss after 24 hours in the longissimus dorsi muscle. The interaction between breed and feeding ration was significant for growth traits as well as for carcass and meat characteristics. In Simmental bulls, the INT group showed slightly better carcass traits, while in Cika bulls, the EXT group showed slightly better carcass traits than the other two feeding rations.

• Ključne besede: cattle, breeds, Cika cattle, Simmental cattle, bulls, fattening ration, growth, carcass quality