Introduction: Nursing care of critically ill patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation represents a demanding area of clinical practice in intensive care units. Nurses are expected to demonstrate a high level of professional knowledge, maintain continuous presence at the patient’s bedside, and possess the ability to recognize complications in a timely manner. Aim: The aim of the thesis was, through a review of the literature, to present the importance of continuous monitoring of patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the intensive care unit and the role of the nurse in the early recognition of complications and the provision of high-quality nursing care. Methods: A descriptive research method with a review of foreign professional and scientific literature was used. The literature was searched in CINAHL, COBIB, MedLine/PubMed, and Cochrane databases using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The literature review showed that continuous bedside monitoring of the patient plays a key role in the timely detection of clinical changes and the prevention of complications. Nurses caring for patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation perform numerous demanding clinical and technical tasks and ensure continuous monitoring of the patient’s condition. The review showed that standardized procedures represent important support for clinical work; however, their effectiveness is closely related to the competence of nurses and the organizational conditions in intensive care units. Discussion and Conclusion: Nurses represent an important element in ensuring safe and high-quality care for patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Continuous monitoring, appropriate professional knowledge, and organizational support enable the timely recognition of complications and appropriate intervention. The findings of the literature review emphasize the importance of competent nurses and an organized work environment for the safe management of patients.
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