Vrednotenje stabilnosti hidrolatov navadne melise (Melissa officinalis) in črnega bezga (Sambucus nigra)

Petrač, Hana (avtor), Kočevar Glavač, Nina (mentor), Ratajc, Petra (komentor)

Hidrolati so raztopine hlapnih, vodotopnih komponent, ki nastanejo kot produkt destilacije rastlinskega materiala poleg eteričnega olja, vendar so v primerjavi z eteričnimi olji bistveno manj raziskani. V magistrski nalogi smo preučevali stabilnost hidrolatov navadne melise (Melissa officinalis) in črnega bezga (Sambucus nigra) v različnih vsebnikih ter pri različnih pogojih shranjevanja v obdobju petih mesecev. Hidrolate in eterična olja smo pridobili z destilacijo sveže nabranih listov navadne melise in cvetov črnega bezga. Za pridobitev hidrolata smo uporabili klasično vodno destilacijo, za pridobitev eteričnega olja pa Clevengerjevo destilacijo. Hidrolate smo shranjevali v vsebnikih iz različnih materialov (steklo, polietilen, polietilen z visoko gostoto in aluminij), pri različnih temperaturah (sobna temperatura, temperatura hladilnika in 40 °C) ter ob prisotnosti ali odsotnosti svetlobe. Sestavo hidrolatov in eteričnih olj smo analizirali z metodo plinske kromatografije, sklopljene z masno spektrometrijo (GC-MS). Analizirali smo sestavo eteričnih olj ter jo primerjali s kemijsko sestavo pripadajočih hidrolatov. Izvajali smo tudi potenciometrične meritve pH. Analiza sestave je pokazala, da so eterična olja obeh rastlin bistveno bogatejša s spojinami kot hidrolati: eterično olje navadne melise je vsebovalo 39 identificiranih spojin, njen hidrolat pa 3; eterično olje črnega bezga 98 identificiranih in 1 neidentificirano spojino, njegov hidrolat pa 6 identificiranih in 1 neidentificirano spojino. V eteričnem olju navadne melise so prevladovali monoterpenoidi, v eteričnem olju črnega bezga pa alkeni. Glavni spojini hidrolata navadne melise sta bili geranial in neral, hidrolata črnega bezga pa 2,6-dimetil-3,7-oktadien-2,6-diol in linalol oksid piranoid. Ugotovili smo, da je optimalno shranjevanje hidrolatov v steklenih vsebnikih, v hladilniku in na temnem mestu, saj ti pogoji najbolj prispevajo k ohranjanju stabilnosti in zmanjšanju variabilnosti sestave hidrolata skozi čas.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: črni bezeg (Sambucus nigra), GC-MS, hidrolat, navadna melisa (Melissa officinalis), stabilnost
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: FFA - Fakulteta za farmacijo
• Leto izida: 2026
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-180615
• Datum objave v RUL: 12.03.2026

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Stability evaluation of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) and elderflower (Sambucus nigra) hydrolates

Izvleček

Hydrolates are solutions of volatile, water-soluble components formed as a co-product of plant material distillation alongside essential oils; however, compared to essential oils, they have been studied to a much lesser extent. In this master’s thesis, we investigated the stability of hydrolates of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) and elderflower (Sambucus nigra) in different containers and under various storage conditions over a five-month period. Hydrolates and essential oils were obtained by distillation of freshly harvested lemon balm leaves and elderflower blossoms. Conventional hydrodistillation was used to obtain hydrolates, while Clevenger distillation was used to obtain essential oils. The hydrolates were stored in containers made of different materials (glass, polyethylene, high-density polyethylene and aluminum), at different temperatures (room temperature, refrigerated conditions and 40 °C), and in the presence or absence of light. The composition of hydrolates and essential oils was analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We analyzed the composition of essential oils and compared it with the chemical composition of the corresponding hydrolats. We also carried out potentiometric pH measurements. The compositional analysis showed that the essential oils of both plants were considerably richer in compounds than the hydrolates: lemon balm essential oil contained 39 identified compounds, whereas its hydrolate contained 3; elderflower essential oil contained 98 identified compounds and 1 unidentified compound, whereas its hydrolate contained 6 identified and 1 unidentified compound. Monoterpenoids predominated in lemon balm essential oil, while alkenes predominated in elderflower essential oil. The main compounds of lemon balm hydrolate were geranial and neral, while the main compounds of elderflower hydrolate were 2,6-dimethyl-3,7-octadien-2,6-diol and linalool oxide (pyranoid). We found that optimal storage of hydrolates is in glass containers, under refrigerated and dark conditions, as these parameters contribute most to maintaining stability and minimizing compositional variability over time.

• Ključne besede: elderflower (Sambucus nigra), GC–MS, hydrolate, lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), stability