The master’s thesis explores modern container terminals as key hubs of global supply chains, analyzing their technological, organizational, and sustainability-oriented development. The research combines a historical review of containerization, an examination of emerging technological solutions, and a comparative case study of Europe’s three largest ports Rotterdam, Hamburg, and Antwerp-Bruges. The findings demonstrate that competitiveness of modern terminals is primarily driven by automation, digitalization, and the energy transition. Future development will rely on the integration of smart technologies, stronger collaboration with urban and industrial environments, and the creation of sustainable logistics ecosystems. The thesis confirms that the long-term competitiveness of container terminals will depend on their ability to combine physical infrastructure, digital solutions, and strategic management.
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