Razširjenost uporabe različnih vrst dermalnih polnil v Sloveniji ter osveščenost javnosti o morebitnih tveganjih

Zadrgal, Kaja (avtor), Karas Kuželički, Nataša (mentor), Markovič, Tijana (komentor)

Dermalna polnila so danes med najpogosteje uporabljanimi snovmi v nekirurški estetski medicini, njihova vse večja priljubljenost pa odpira pomembna vprašanja o varnosti in poznavanju morebitnih neželenih učinkov. Gre za medicinske pripomočke razreda III, ki se vnašajo v različne plasti kože ali podkožja z namenom povrnitve volumna, glajenja gub in preoblikovanja obraznih kontur. Uporabljajo se različni materiali, med katerimi prevladujejo polnila na osnovi hialuronske kisline ter biostimulativna polnila, ki spodbujajo naravno tvorbo kolagena. Z razvojem tehnologije so postala mehansko stabilnejša, varnejša in estetsko predvidljivejša. Poseben poudarek smo namenili tudi možnim neželenim učinkom, ki segajo od prehodnih lokalnih reakcij do redkejših zapletov, kot so motnje prekrvavitve, okužbe ali dolgoročne spremembe tkiva. Namen raziskave je bil preučiti razširjenost uporabe dermalnih polnil v Sloveniji, razloge za odločitev ali zadržanost do posega ter stopnjo seznanjenosti s tveganji. V teoretičnem delu smo predstavili zgradbo kože, procese staranja in delovanje najpogosteje uporabljanih polnil. V empiričnem delu smo izvedli anonimno spletno anketo, v kateri je sodelovalo 199 posameznikov. Ugotovili smo, da je približno tretjina anketirancev dermalna polnila že uporabila, najpogosteje med 26. in 35. letom starosti. Najpogostejši razlog za poseg je želja po estetskem izboljšanju videza, najpogosteje tretirani predeli pa so ustnice in nazolabialne gube. Večina uporabnikov je bila z rezultati zadovoljna, vendar je četrtina poročala o neželenih učinkih, med katerimi sta najpogostejši oteklina in modrica na mestu vboda. Neuporabniki se za poseg najpogosteje ne odločijo zaradi zadovoljstva s svojim videzom, strahu pred zapleti ali zavračanja videza, ki deluje premalo naravno. Raziskavo smo dopolnili z intervjujem z dermatologinjo dr. Vesno Tlaker, ki je poudarila pomen ustrezne usposobljenosti izvajalcev, pravilne izbire materiala in pravočasnega prepoznavanja zapletov. Opozorila je na naraščajoče izvajanje posegov izven medicinskih ustanov ter na tveganja, ki izhajajo iz uporabe neregistriranih izdelkov ali samoinjiciranja. Ugotovitve raziskave kažejo, da je poznavanje dermalnih polnil v slovenski populaciji razmeroma dobro, vendar so tveganja pogosto podcenjena, zato je potrebna dodatna ozaveščenost tako uporabnikov kot širše javnosti.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: biostimulativna polnila, dermalna polnila, hialuronska polnila, neželeni učinki, osveščenost, razširjenost uporabe
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: FFA - Fakulteta za farmacijo
• Leto izida: 2026
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-179330
• Datum objave v RUL: 11.02.2026

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Prevalence of different types of dermal filler usage in Slovenia and public awareness of potential risks

Izvleček

Dermal fillers are widely used in non-surgical aesthetic medicine. Their increasing popularity has brought questions regarding safety and awareness of their adverse effects. They are categorized as Class III medical devices and are injected into different layers of the skin or subcutaneous tissue to restore volume, smooth wrinkles, and reshape facial contours. Several types of fillers are used, the most common being hyaluronic acid fillers and biostimulatory fillers that boost collagen production. Technological developments have led to increased safety, better mechanical stability, and more consistent aesthetic results. Particular attention in this thesis was devoted to potential adverse effects, which range from transient local reactions to rarer but severe complications such as vascular occlusion, infection, or long-term tissue changes. The aim of the research was to find out prevelance of the use of dermal fillers in Slovenia, why people decide to use them or avoid them, and how well they know the risks. According to the findings, around one-third of people, primarily those between the ages of 26 and 35, had previously used dermal fillers. Improving appearance was the most common reason for the procedure, and most commonly treated areas were the lips and nasolabial fold. Most users were satisfied with the results, although a quarter reported adverse effects, especially swelling and bruising at the injection site. Participants who had never used fillers most often stated that they were satisfied with their appearance, were afraid of complications, or did not like the idea of an unnatural look. Additionally, we conducted an interview with dermatologist Dr. Vesna Tlaker, who discussed the significance of clinical competence, selecting appropriate fillers, and early detection of complications. She also drew attention to procedures performed outside medical settings and the risks linked to unregistered products or self-injection. The findings show that dermal fillers are relatively well known in Slovenia, but the risks are still sometimes underestimated, which suggests that more awareness is needed.

• Ključne besede: biostimulatory fillers, dermal fillers, hyaluronic fillers, adverse effects, awareness, prevalence of use