Sistematični pregled razširjenosti farmakološko zdravljenih bolnikov z motnjo pozornosti s hiperaktivnostjo

Pfeifer, Špela (avtor), Locatelli, Igor (mentor), Štuhec, Matej (komentor)

Ozadje: Motnja pozornosti s hiperaktivnostjo (ADHD) je nevrološko-razvojna motnja, ki se običajno pojavi v otroštvu in lahko vztraja v odrasli dobi. Zanjo so značilne težave z nepozornostjo, impulzivnostjo in hiperaktivnostjo. Sodi med najpogostejše duševne motnje pri otrocih in mladostnikih. Po ocenah iz študij je delež farmakološko zdravljenih z ADHD približno 5–7 % med otroki in mladostniki ter 2–5 % med odraslimi. Natančen vzrok ADHD ni popolnoma poznan, vendar raziskave kažejo, da gre za kombinacijo genetskih, nevrobioloških in dejavnikov okolja. ADHD je pogosto napačno razumljena motnja, zato je nenehno raziskovanje ključnega pomena za izboljšanje diagnostike, zdravljenja in družbene ozaveščenosti o tej kompleksni motnji. Namen: Izdelava sistematičnega pregleda raziskav zdravljenih bolnikov z ADHD z namenom izračuna deleža farmakološko zdravljenih bolnikov z ADHD. Metode: Zgradili smo iskalno strategijo v spletnem iskalniku PubMed, kjer smo se osredotočili na članke v angleškem jeziku in na raziskave, ki obravnavajo epidemiologijo in delež farmakološko zdravljenih bolnikov z ADHD. Izključili smo raziskave na živalskih modelih in preglede literature brez izvirnih podatkov. Starost bolnikov ni bila izključitveni kriterij. Heterogenost smo ocenili z I², Q in τ². Primarne podskupine so vključevale predšolske otroke, šoloobvezne otroke, mladostnike in odrasle. Rezultati: Iz PubMeda smo pridobili 4005 zadetkov, od teh smo jih v sistematični pregled vključili 13. Rezultate smo razdelili glede na starostne skupine in geografsko področje. Skupni delež zdravljenih je bil 66 % (95 % IZ 49,99–78,73; I² ≈ 100 %). Po starosti: predšolski otroci 20 % (6,4–49,0), šoloobvezni otroci 77 % (22,8–88,1), mladostniki 77 % (64,5–87,6), odrasli 82 % (70,5–90,4). Opazili smo razlike med državami Evropske unije in azijskimi državami. Večina študij spola ni poročala znotraj posamezne starostne kategorije, zato so analize po spolu ostale opisne. Sklep: Rezultati kažejo na pomembne globalne razlike v deležu farmakološkega zdravljenja ADHD, ki jih predvsem določajo starostne kategorije, spol in geografska regija. Prevladuje trend visoke uporabe farmakološkega zdravljenja, z izjemo predšolskih otrok, kjer je delež nizek, a kljub temu prisoten.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: ADHD, sistematični pregled, zdravljenje z zdravili, metaanaliza
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: FFA - Fakulteta za farmacijo
• Leto izida: 2026
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-177993
• Datum objave v RUL: 15.01.2026

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Systematic review of the prevalence of pharmacologically treated patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Izvleček

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that typically emerges in childhood and can persist into adulthood. It is characterized by difficulties with attention, impulsivity and hyperacivity. ADHD is among the most common mental disorders in children and adolescents, affecting an estimated 5-7% of this population and approximately 2-5% of adults. The exact cause of ADHD is not entirely understood, but research suggest that it results from a combination of genetic, neurobiological and enviromental factors. ADHD is often misunderstood disorder, making continious research is essential for improving diagnosis, treatment and public awareness of this complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Objectives: To conduct a systematic review of studies on the treatment of patients with ADHD. Methods: We built a search strategy in the online search engine PubMed, where we focused on articles in the English language and on research dealing with the epidemiology and prevalence of ADHD and the pharmacological treatment of the disorder. We excluded research using animal methods and literature reviews without original data. The age of the patients was not an exclusion criterion. Heterogeneity was assessed by I², Q and τ². Primary subgroups included preschool children , school-age children , adolescents .and adults. Results: We obtained 4005 hits from PubMed, of which 13 were included in the systematic review. We divided the results according to age groups and geographical area. The total proportion of those treated was 66% (95% CI 49.99–78.73; I² ≈ 100%). By age: preschool children 20% (6.4–49.0), school-aged children 77% (22.8–88.1), adolescents 77% (64.5–87.6), adults 82% (70.5–90.4). We have noticed differences between European Union countries and Asian countries. Most studies did not report gender within each age category, so analyzes by gender remained descriptive. Conclusion: The findings indicate significant global differences in the prevalence of pharmacologic treatment of ADHD determined by age, gender, and geographic region. The trend of high use of pharmacological treatment prevails, with the exception of preschool children, where the proportion is low, but still present.

• Ključne besede: ADHD, systematic review, drug treatment, meta-analysis